Abstract
This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern.’ Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. Asian strains form independent clusters, except those isolated from China, suggesting relatively more diversity than African strains. Prevention and control are mainly aimed at the vector population (mosquitoes) with Aedes aegypti being the main species. Surveys in Africa and Asia indicated seropositivity in various animal species. However, so far its natural reservoir is unknown. There is an urgent need to understand why Zika virus has shifted from being a virus that caused mild illness to unforeseen birth defects as well as autoimmune-neurological problems. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is not available yet. Availability of cryo-electron microscopy based on 3.8 Å resolution revealing mature Zika virus structure and the probable virus attachment site to host cell would provide critical insights into the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 150-175 |
| Number of pages | 26 |
| Journal | Veterinary Quarterly |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2 2016 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- flavivirus
- global warming
- review
- Zika virus
- zoonosis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control : current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review. / Singh, Raj Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Ramakrishnan, Muthannan Andavar; Karthik, Kumaragurubaran; Tiwari, Ruchi; Saurabh, Sharad; Sachan, Swati; Joshi, Sunil.
In: Veterinary Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3, 02.07.2016, p. 150-175.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control
T2 - current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review
AU - Singh, Raj Kumar
AU - Dhama, Kuldeep
AU - Malik, Yashpal Singh
AU - Ramakrishnan, Muthannan Andavar
AU - Karthik, Kumaragurubaran
AU - Tiwari, Ruchi
AU - Saurabh, Sharad
AU - Sachan, Swati
AU - Joshi, Sunil
PY - 2016/7/2
Y1 - 2016/7/2
N2 - This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern.’ Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. Asian strains form independent clusters, except those isolated from China, suggesting relatively more diversity than African strains. Prevention and control are mainly aimed at the vector population (mosquitoes) with Aedes aegypti being the main species. Surveys in Africa and Asia indicated seropositivity in various animal species. However, so far its natural reservoir is unknown. There is an urgent need to understand why Zika virus has shifted from being a virus that caused mild illness to unforeseen birth defects as well as autoimmune-neurological problems. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is not available yet. Availability of cryo-electron microscopy based on 3.8 Å resolution revealing mature Zika virus structure and the probable virus attachment site to host cell would provide critical insights into the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.
AB - This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern.’ Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. Asian strains form independent clusters, except those isolated from China, suggesting relatively more diversity than African strains. Prevention and control are mainly aimed at the vector population (mosquitoes) with Aedes aegypti being the main species. Surveys in Africa and Asia indicated seropositivity in various animal species. However, so far its natural reservoir is unknown. There is an urgent need to understand why Zika virus has shifted from being a virus that caused mild illness to unforeseen birth defects as well as autoimmune-neurological problems. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is not available yet. Availability of cryo-electron microscopy based on 3.8 Å resolution revealing mature Zika virus structure and the probable virus attachment site to host cell would provide critical insights into the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.
KW - flavivirus
KW - global warming
KW - review
KW - Zika virus
KW - zoonosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84979983624&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84979983624&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/01652176.2016.1188333
DO - 10.1080/01652176.2016.1188333
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27158761
AN - SCOPUS:84979983624
VL - 36
SP - 150
EP - 175
JO - Veterinary Quarterly
JF - Veterinary Quarterly
SN - 0165-2176
IS - 3
ER -