@article{13c0f85ff1fc469ab258c72bd2d24f07,
title = "Workflow Caveats in Augmented Reality–Assisted Pedicle Instrumentation: Cadaver Lab",
abstract = "Background: Augmented reality (AR) is gaining popularity in gaming, industrial, military, and medical fields. Neurosurgical applications are currently limited and underdeveloped. Methods: The cadaver lab session was prepared with the currently available AR equipment and software. Pedicle instrumentation was performed from thoracic 1 to the pelvis with either fluoroscopy or AR. Results: A total of 38 screws were placed. There were no major breaches on the fluoroscopy-assisted side. Among the AR screws, 3 had a major medial breach and 4 had a major inferior breach. The cause of a 3 breaches appeared to be related to an error in the starting position, as their overall orientation remained correctly parallel to the original trajectory. Conclusions: The article discusses the potential and limitations of AR in its current state and identifies strategies for successful AR application in future surgery.",
keywords = "Augmented, Fluoroscopy, Mixed reality, Pedicle screw, Spine surgery, Virtual",
author = "Urakov, {Timur M.} and Wang, {Michael Y.} and Levi, {Allan D.}",
note = "Funding Information: Conflict of interest statement: M. Y. Wang is the consultant for Depuy-Synthes Spine, K2M, Spineology, and Stryker; receives royalties from Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Depuy Spine, Springer Publishing, and Quality Medical Publishing; serves on the Medical Advisory Board of Vallum; owns stocks in Innovative Surgical Devices; and receives grants from Department of Defense. A. D. Levi receives grants from Department of Defense. T. M Urakov has no conflicts to report. Conflict of interest statement: M. Y. Wang is the consultant for Depuy-Synthes Spine, K2M, Spineology, and Stryker; receives royalties from Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Depuy Spine, Springer Publishing, and Quality Medical Publishing; serves on the Medical Advisory Board of Vallum; owns stocks in Innovative Surgical Devices; and receives grants from Department of Defense. A. D. Levi receives grants from Department of Defense. T. M Urakov has no conflicts to report. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.118",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "126",
pages = "e1449--e1455",
journal = "World Neurosurgery",
issn = "1878-8750",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
}