TY - JOUR
T1 - Wearing the marks of violence
T2 - Unusual trauma patterning at Coyo Oriental, Northern Chile
AU - Torres-Rouff, Christina
AU - Hubbe, Mark
AU - Pestle, William J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to express our gratitude to M. Arturo Torres, Gonzalo Pimentel, Valentina Figueroa, Susan Kuzminsky, Jimena Cruz, the Instituto de Arqueolog?a y Antropolog?a and the Museo Le Paige for their ongoing support of our research. We would also like to acknowledge Erin Smith, who was of tremendous assistance during this period of fieldwork.
Funding Information:
National Science Foundation, Grant Numbers: BCS-1359644 and BCS-1358753
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Objectives: In this article, we present analyses of traumatic injury data from the Middle Period Coyo Oriental cemetery in northern Chile. We test a series of hypotheses about the role of sex, foreign contact, ritual access, and temporal shifts, in the patterning of cranial trauma in this cemetery. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven crania from Coyo Oriental were analyzed using standard bioarcheological methods to determine sex and age as well as the presence of cranial fractures. We also documented the presence of Tiwanaku goods, objects tied to warfare or hunting, camelid offerings, snuff paraphernalia, and items related to mining. Results: We recorded 98 cranial fractures in the sample with 94.9% (93/98) on the anterior of the cranium. No significant differences are observed in the prevalence of trauma by sex, type of grave, or date. However, Coyo Oriental's trauma prevalence is two to three times higher than other Middle Period sites. Conclusion: The prevalence and location of these injuries suggest that conflict at Coyo Oriental, while of the same nature, was at a scale different to that seen elsewhere in the oases. We posit here that the development of social hierarchy, population growth, expansive social networks, and foreign contact that characterized the Middle Period may have resulted in a need for social control among the emergent elites of the region.
AB - Objectives: In this article, we present analyses of traumatic injury data from the Middle Period Coyo Oriental cemetery in northern Chile. We test a series of hypotheses about the role of sex, foreign contact, ritual access, and temporal shifts, in the patterning of cranial trauma in this cemetery. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven crania from Coyo Oriental were analyzed using standard bioarcheological methods to determine sex and age as well as the presence of cranial fractures. We also documented the presence of Tiwanaku goods, objects tied to warfare or hunting, camelid offerings, snuff paraphernalia, and items related to mining. Results: We recorded 98 cranial fractures in the sample with 94.9% (93/98) on the anterior of the cranium. No significant differences are observed in the prevalence of trauma by sex, type of grave, or date. However, Coyo Oriental's trauma prevalence is two to three times higher than other Middle Period sites. Conclusion: The prevalence and location of these injuries suggest that conflict at Coyo Oriental, while of the same nature, was at a scale different to that seen elsewhere in the oases. We posit here that the development of social hierarchy, population growth, expansive social networks, and foreign contact that characterized the Middle Period may have resulted in a need for social control among the emergent elites of the region.
KW - Andes
KW - Middle Horizon
KW - bioarcheology
KW - cranial fractures
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U2 - 10.1002/ajpa.23600
DO - 10.1002/ajpa.23600
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85046365279
VL - 167
SP - 32
EP - 45
JO - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
JF - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
SN - 0002-9483
IS - 1
ER -