Abstract
Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to acidic soft water (pHin4.2-6.3) in the presence (93 μg·l-1) or absence of Al. Fish were fitted with latex masks and opercular catheters to measure ventilation {Mathematical expression}, pH changes at the gills, O2 consumption {Mathematical expression}, ammonia excretion {Mathematical expression}, and Al extraction. During 2-3-h exposures, {Mathematical expression} was generally higher in Al-exposed fish over the pHin range 4.7-6.3. Alkalinization of expired water was about 0.3 pH units less in Al-exposed fish than in acid-only exposed fish at pHin 4.5-5.2, an effect attributable to both increased {Mathematical expression} and to buffering by Al. During 44-h exposures to pHin 5.2 and 4.8 plus Al, {Mathematical expression} increased greatly and expired water pH (pHex) decreased with time. There was a small increase in {Mathematical expression} over 44 h at pH 4.4 plus Al, and no changes in pHex. In contrast, during 44-h exposures to pH 5.2, 4.8, and 4.4 in the absence of Al, such changes were much smaller or absent. During both short- and longerterm exposures, measured Al accumulation on the gills was only 5-18% of that calculated from cumulative Al extraction from the water, suggesting considerable sloughing of Al. In free-swimming trout, gill Al accumulation was greatest during exposure (2h) to Al at pH 5.2, lower at pH 4.8, and least at pH 4.4 and 4.0. Our results suggest that Al deposition occurs at the gills, causing respiratory and ionoregulatory toxicity, because the pH in the branchial micro-environment is raised above that in the acidic inspired soft water. Higher pH at fish gills may result in Al precipitation due to loss of solubility, or Al accumulation because of shifts in Al species to Al-hydroxide forms which more readily adsorb to the gills.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 539-550 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Comparative Physiology B |
| Volume | 159 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 1 1989 |
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Keywords
- Aluminum
- Gills
- pH
- Trout
- Water chemistry
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology (medical)
- Environmental Science(all)
- Physiology
- Animal Science and Zoology
Cite this
Water pH and aluminum chemistry in the gill micro-environment of rainbow trout during acid and aluminum exposures. / Playle, Richard C.; Wood, Chris M.
In: Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 159, No. 5, 01.09.1989, p. 539-550.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Water pH and aluminum chemistry in the gill micro-environment of rainbow trout during acid and aluminum exposures
AU - Playle, Richard C.
AU - Wood, Chris M.
PY - 1989/9/1
Y1 - 1989/9/1
N2 - Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to acidic soft water (pHin4.2-6.3) in the presence (93 μg·l-1) or absence of Al. Fish were fitted with latex masks and opercular catheters to measure ventilation {Mathematical expression}, pH changes at the gills, O2 consumption {Mathematical expression}, ammonia excretion {Mathematical expression}, and Al extraction. During 2-3-h exposures, {Mathematical expression} was generally higher in Al-exposed fish over the pHin range 4.7-6.3. Alkalinization of expired water was about 0.3 pH units less in Al-exposed fish than in acid-only exposed fish at pHin 4.5-5.2, an effect attributable to both increased {Mathematical expression} and to buffering by Al. During 44-h exposures to pHin 5.2 and 4.8 plus Al, {Mathematical expression} increased greatly and expired water pH (pHex) decreased with time. There was a small increase in {Mathematical expression} over 44 h at pH 4.4 plus Al, and no changes in pHex. In contrast, during 44-h exposures to pH 5.2, 4.8, and 4.4 in the absence of Al, such changes were much smaller or absent. During both short- and longerterm exposures, measured Al accumulation on the gills was only 5-18% of that calculated from cumulative Al extraction from the water, suggesting considerable sloughing of Al. In free-swimming trout, gill Al accumulation was greatest during exposure (2h) to Al at pH 5.2, lower at pH 4.8, and least at pH 4.4 and 4.0. Our results suggest that Al deposition occurs at the gills, causing respiratory and ionoregulatory toxicity, because the pH in the branchial micro-environment is raised above that in the acidic inspired soft water. Higher pH at fish gills may result in Al precipitation due to loss of solubility, or Al accumulation because of shifts in Al species to Al-hydroxide forms which more readily adsorb to the gills.
AB - Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to acidic soft water (pHin4.2-6.3) in the presence (93 μg·l-1) or absence of Al. Fish were fitted with latex masks and opercular catheters to measure ventilation {Mathematical expression}, pH changes at the gills, O2 consumption {Mathematical expression}, ammonia excretion {Mathematical expression}, and Al extraction. During 2-3-h exposures, {Mathematical expression} was generally higher in Al-exposed fish over the pHin range 4.7-6.3. Alkalinization of expired water was about 0.3 pH units less in Al-exposed fish than in acid-only exposed fish at pHin 4.5-5.2, an effect attributable to both increased {Mathematical expression} and to buffering by Al. During 44-h exposures to pHin 5.2 and 4.8 plus Al, {Mathematical expression} increased greatly and expired water pH (pHex) decreased with time. There was a small increase in {Mathematical expression} over 44 h at pH 4.4 plus Al, and no changes in pHex. In contrast, during 44-h exposures to pH 5.2, 4.8, and 4.4 in the absence of Al, such changes were much smaller or absent. During both short- and longerterm exposures, measured Al accumulation on the gills was only 5-18% of that calculated from cumulative Al extraction from the water, suggesting considerable sloughing of Al. In free-swimming trout, gill Al accumulation was greatest during exposure (2h) to Al at pH 5.2, lower at pH 4.8, and least at pH 4.4 and 4.0. Our results suggest that Al deposition occurs at the gills, causing respiratory and ionoregulatory toxicity, because the pH in the branchial micro-environment is raised above that in the acidic inspired soft water. Higher pH at fish gills may result in Al precipitation due to loss of solubility, or Al accumulation because of shifts in Al species to Al-hydroxide forms which more readily adsorb to the gills.
KW - Aluminum
KW - Gills
KW - pH
KW - Trout
KW - Water chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0024826945&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0024826945&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/BF00694378
DO - 10.1007/BF00694378
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0024826945
VL - 159
SP - 539
EP - 550
JO - Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
JF - Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
SN - 0174-1578
IS - 5
ER -