@article{288a8dd11309408bb525127c2033adc3,
title = "Warm Events Induce Loss of Resilience in Organic Carbon Production in the Northeast Pacific Ocean",
abstract = "Between 2013 and 2016, a series of warm events induced by ocean atmosphere oscillations negatively impacted productivity in the northeast Pacific Ocean. For two consecutive winters (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), suppressed wind stress and warm near-surface ocean temperature anomalies restricted vertical mixing between the surface and underlying nutrient-enriched waters. Here we assess historical data of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure, along with nearly a decade of biogeochemical float data to evaluate the impact of these warm events on organic carbon production. The first stratified winter experienced little apparent impact on the magnitude of net organic carbon production in the growing season relative to prior years, suggesting an immediate resilience from reduced new nutrients, apparently depending on recycled iron. However, the subsequent winter experienced virtually zero net production; a loss of resilience, perhaps due to net iron removal with export, was evident. We find that consistently enhanced winter stratification decreased carbon production much more so than a single warm winter. This study highlights the sensitivity of marine productivity to ocean atmosphere oscillations, reducing deep ocean carbon sequestration with prolonged ocean warming and stratification.",
keywords = "El Ni{\~n}o, carbon cycle, net community production, organic matter, the Warm Blob",
author = "Bif, {Mariana B.} and Leo Siqueira and Hansell, {Dennis A.}",
note = "Funding Information: M. B. B. is supported by a PhD scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (CNPq‐205233/2014‐7). L. S. P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF/OCE‐1419569) and University of Miami. D. A. H. was supported by NASA as a subcontract to Award 80NSSC18K0437 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF/OCE‐1634250). Sea level pressure and wind stress data were obtained from the publicly accessible National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Weather Service/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce (1994), NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis Products, 1948‐continuing ( https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html ), January 1998 to December 2018, 70°N, 80°E; 20°S, 65°W, accessed 26 February 2019. The NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (NOAA ERSST.v4) data are publicly available by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site (at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v4.html ), January 1998 to December 2018, 70°N, 80°E; 20°S, 65°W, accessed 26 February 2019. The eofs Python package was used in the multivariate EOF analysis and is provided by Andrew Dawson and Scott Wales (2019, May 3) ajdawson/eofs: Version 1.4.0 (Version v1.4.0) Zenodo ( http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.594643 ). The code for computing mixed layer depth is based on the MATLAB algorithm provided online ( http://mixedlayer.ucsd.edu ), accessed 15 November 2018. BGC float data for the northeast Pacific Ocean, including floats not considered in this manuscript, are available online (at mbari.org/science/upper‐ocean‐systems/chemical‐sensor‐group/floatviz/ ), accessed 20 May 2018. The original iron data used in this manuscript are available at Schallenberg et al. ( ) Appendix A and Nishioka et al. ( ). Funding Information: M. B. B. is supported by a PhD scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq-205233/2014-7). L. S. P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF/OCE-1419569) and University of Miami. D. A. H. was supported by NASA as a subcontract to Award 80NSSC18K0437 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF/OCE-1634250). Sea level pressure and wind stress data were obtained from the publicly accessible National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Weather Service/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce (1994), NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis Products, 1948-continuing (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html), January 1998 to December 2018, 70?N, 80?E; 20?S, 65?W, accessed 26 February 2019. The NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (NOAA ERSST.v4) data are publicly available by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site (at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v4.html), January 1998 to December 2018, 70?N, 80?E; 20?S, 65?W, accessed 26 February 2019. The eofs Python package was used in the multivariate EOF analysis and is provided by Andrew Dawson and Scott Wales (2019, May 3) ajdawson/eofs: Version 1.4.0 (Version v1.4.0) Zenodo (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.594643). The code for computing mixed layer depth is based on the MATLAB algorithm provided online (http://mixedlayer.ucsd.edu), accessed 15 November 2018. BGC float data for the northeast Pacific Ocean, including floats not considered in this manuscript, are available online (at mbari.org/science/upper-ocean-systems/chemical-sensor-group/floatviz/), accessed 20 May 2018. The original iron data used in this manuscript are available at Schallenberg et al. () Appendix A and Nishioka et al. ().",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1029/2019GB006327",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "33",
pages = "1174--1186",
journal = "Global Biogeochemical Cycles",
issn = "0886-6236",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "9",
}