Abstract
Novel artificial muscle materials were developed, which can be electrically actuated at near neutral pH environments by low applied potential (3 V or less). The artificial muscle material is based on a hydrogel that is composed of acrylamide and a carboxylic acid derivative, such as acrylic acid, and is doped with a polypyrrole/carbon black composite. The electroactuation response of the artificial muscle is optimized in terms of the constituents of the hydrogel precursor solution and the polymerization conditions. It is shown that the introduction of the dicarboxylic acid monomer maleic acid increases the osmotic pressure arising at the hydrogel/electrolyte interface, increasing the bending response of the material. Additionally, the increase of the polymerization temperature and the use of the crosslinking agent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, which promotes intermolecular interactions within the hydrogel network, result in the development of artificial muscles with increased and reproducible electroactuation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 379-383 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical |
| Volume | 115 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 23 2006 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Artificial muscle
- Electroactuation
- Hydrogel
- Neutral pH environment
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
Voltage-switchable artificial muscles actuating at near neutral pH. / Moschou, Elizabeth A.; Madou, Marc J.; Bachas, Leonidas G; Daunert, Sylvia.
In: Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, Vol. 115, No. 1, 23.05.2006, p. 379-383.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Voltage-switchable artificial muscles actuating at near neutral pH
AU - Moschou, Elizabeth A.
AU - Madou, Marc J.
AU - Bachas, Leonidas G
AU - Daunert, Sylvia
PY - 2006/5/23
Y1 - 2006/5/23
N2 - Novel artificial muscle materials were developed, which can be electrically actuated at near neutral pH environments by low applied potential (3 V or less). The artificial muscle material is based on a hydrogel that is composed of acrylamide and a carboxylic acid derivative, such as acrylic acid, and is doped with a polypyrrole/carbon black composite. The electroactuation response of the artificial muscle is optimized in terms of the constituents of the hydrogel precursor solution and the polymerization conditions. It is shown that the introduction of the dicarboxylic acid monomer maleic acid increases the osmotic pressure arising at the hydrogel/electrolyte interface, increasing the bending response of the material. Additionally, the increase of the polymerization temperature and the use of the crosslinking agent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, which promotes intermolecular interactions within the hydrogel network, result in the development of artificial muscles with increased and reproducible electroactuation.
AB - Novel artificial muscle materials were developed, which can be electrically actuated at near neutral pH environments by low applied potential (3 V or less). The artificial muscle material is based on a hydrogel that is composed of acrylamide and a carboxylic acid derivative, such as acrylic acid, and is doped with a polypyrrole/carbon black composite. The electroactuation response of the artificial muscle is optimized in terms of the constituents of the hydrogel precursor solution and the polymerization conditions. It is shown that the introduction of the dicarboxylic acid monomer maleic acid increases the osmotic pressure arising at the hydrogel/electrolyte interface, increasing the bending response of the material. Additionally, the increase of the polymerization temperature and the use of the crosslinking agent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, which promotes intermolecular interactions within the hydrogel network, result in the development of artificial muscles with increased and reproducible electroactuation.
KW - Artificial muscle
KW - Electroactuation
KW - Hydrogel
KW - Neutral pH environment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33645751195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33645751195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.snb.2005.09.021
DO - 10.1016/j.snb.2005.09.021
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33645751195
VL - 115
SP - 379
EP - 383
JO - Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical
JF - Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical
SN - 0925-4005
IS - 1
ER -