Use of Topical Timolol Maleate as Re-Epithelialization Agent for Treatment of Recalcitrant Wounds of Varying Etiologies

Background: Chronic wounds remain a challenge for the clinician and healthcare system. It is therefore vital for additional therapies that target steps involved in wound recalcitrance. Recently, topical timolol has shown promising results for use in wound healing. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess timolol’s effectiveness in healing wounds of varying etiologies. Methods: This multi-center series took place from 2016¬–2019 at the wound healing centers at the University of Miami Health System and the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare. We identified all wound patients who received treatment with topical timolol maleate 0.5% for at least 4 weeks after failing previous treatments. Timolol drops at a dose of 1 drop per cm2 of wound area were instilled with dressing changes twice a day, once a day, every other day, or continuous application. Once they began the study, they stopped all concurrent therapies aside from standard of care. Healing outcomes were classified into 3 categories: healed, defined as complete re-epithelialization of the wound and closure, improved, defined as decreasing wound size area (WSA), and worsening, defined as increasing WSA. Results: We identified 39 patients, 32 males and 7 females that had a total of 55 chronic wounds of varying etiologies. Thirty-four of the wounds had completely healed, 15 wounds improved in WSA, 4 wounds were unchanged in WSA, and 2 wounds worsened in WSA. Conclusions: In line with our previous experience, we found topical timolol to be a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment for recalcitrant wounds of varying etiologies.