TY - CHAP
T1 - Urothelial cell culture
T2 - Stratified urothelial sheet and three-dimensional growth of urothelial structure
AU - Zhang, Yuanyuan
AU - Atala, Anthony
PY - 2013/1/1
Y1 - 2013/1/1
N2 - Urothelial cells line the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, superior urethra, and the central ducts of the prostate. They are highly specialized epithelial cell types possessing unique features, imparting important functional roles in the urinary system. They act as a permeability barrier and protect underlying muscle tissues from the caustic effects of urine while also expanding with bladder filling to adjust urine pressures. The multilayered urothelium is typically structured with differentiated, mature surface cells and less mature basal cells. The basal cell layer contains tissue-specific stem cells able to self-renew for the lifetime of the mammal and also produces a pool of maturing cells for tissue homeostasis. Maintaining regenerative basal cells in a culture facilitates urothelial cell growth in vitro. Additionally, epithelial-mesenchymal communication, epithelial-matrix interactions, and cytokines/growth factors are required to maintain the normal structure and function of mature urothelial cells in vitro and to induce stem cell differentiation into urothelial cells. These cultures are useful to study the biology and physiology of the urinary tract, particularly for the development of cell-based tissue engineering strategies in urology. This chapter describes methods for the isolation of urothelial cells and their maintenance in monolayer culture, and methods for the production of multilayer urothelial cell sheets and three-dimensional cocultures of urothelial and mesenchymal cells.
AB - Urothelial cells line the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, superior urethra, and the central ducts of the prostate. They are highly specialized epithelial cell types possessing unique features, imparting important functional roles in the urinary system. They act as a permeability barrier and protect underlying muscle tissues from the caustic effects of urine while also expanding with bladder filling to adjust urine pressures. The multilayered urothelium is typically structured with differentiated, mature surface cells and less mature basal cells. The basal cell layer contains tissue-specific stem cells able to self-renew for the lifetime of the mammal and also produces a pool of maturing cells for tissue homeostasis. Maintaining regenerative basal cells in a culture facilitates urothelial cell growth in vitro. Additionally, epithelial-mesenchymal communication, epithelial-matrix interactions, and cytokines/growth factors are required to maintain the normal structure and function of mature urothelial cells in vitro and to induce stem cell differentiation into urothelial cells. These cultures are useful to study the biology and physiology of the urinary tract, particularly for the development of cell-based tissue engineering strategies in urology. This chapter describes methods for the isolation of urothelial cells and their maintenance in monolayer culture, and methods for the production of multilayer urothelial cell sheets and three-dimensional cocultures of urothelial and mesenchymal cells.
KW - Bladder
KW - Epidermal growth factor
KW - Scaffold
KW - Serum-free medium
KW - Tissue engineering
KW - Ureter
KW - Urinary reconstruction
KW - Urothelial cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84870542356&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84870542356&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7_23
DO - 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7_23
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 23097119
AN - SCOPUS:84870542356
SN - 9781627031240
T3 - Methods in Molecular Biology
SP - 383
EP - 399
BT - Epithelial Cell Culture Protocols
A2 - Randell, Scott
A2 - Fulcher, Leslie
ER -