Abstract
Background: Recent American Thyroid Association guidelines call for thyroidectomy or 131I (Recommendation 31) in managing hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Concern for concomitant malignancy favors surgery. A 3 % thyroid cancer incidence in TNG patients has been reported, yet recent studies suggest this rate is underestimated. This multi-institutional study examined cancer incidence in TNG patients referred to surgery. Methods: Patients referred for thyroidectomy at three tertiary-care institutions were included (2002-2011). Patients with concurrent indeterminate or malignant diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were excluded. Cancer incidence in TNG patients was determined. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests and nonparametric t tests were used. Results: Among 2,551 surgically treated patients, 164 had TNG (6.4 %). Median age at presentation was 49.7 years, and 86 % were female. Overall cancer incidence was 18.3 % (30 of 164), and rates were not significantly different between institutions. A significantly greater cancer rate was noted in toxic multinodular goiter versus single toxic nodule patients (21 vs. 4.5 %, P < 0.05). Mean tumor size was 0.71 cm (range 0.1-1.5 cm; 23 % ≥1 cm). Most patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy. There were no significant differences in tumor sizes among institutions (P > 0.05). No significant cancer association was noted with age, preoperative dominant nodule size, lymphocytic thyroiditis or preoperative FNA (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a higher than expected incidental cancer rate in TNG patients compared to historical reports (18.3 vs. 3 %). This higher cancer incidence may alter the risk/benefit analysis regarding TNG treatment. This information should be provided to TNG patients before decision making regarding treatment.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1336-1340 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Annals of Surgical Oncology |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 1 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Surgery
- Oncology
Cite this
Toxic nodular goiter and cancer : A compelling case for thyroidectomy. / Smith, J. Joshua; Chen, Xi; Schneider, David F.; Nookala, Ratnam; Broome, James T.; Sippel, Rebecca S.; Chen, Herbert; Solorzano, Carmen C.
In: Annals of Surgical Oncology, Vol. 20, No. 4, 01.04.2013, p. 1336-1340.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxic nodular goiter and cancer
T2 - A compelling case for thyroidectomy
AU - Smith, J. Joshua
AU - Chen, Xi
AU - Schneider, David F.
AU - Nookala, Ratnam
AU - Broome, James T.
AU - Sippel, Rebecca S.
AU - Chen, Herbert
AU - Solorzano, Carmen C.
PY - 2013/4/1
Y1 - 2013/4/1
N2 - Background: Recent American Thyroid Association guidelines call for thyroidectomy or 131I (Recommendation 31) in managing hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Concern for concomitant malignancy favors surgery. A 3 % thyroid cancer incidence in TNG patients has been reported, yet recent studies suggest this rate is underestimated. This multi-institutional study examined cancer incidence in TNG patients referred to surgery. Methods: Patients referred for thyroidectomy at three tertiary-care institutions were included (2002-2011). Patients with concurrent indeterminate or malignant diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were excluded. Cancer incidence in TNG patients was determined. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests and nonparametric t tests were used. Results: Among 2,551 surgically treated patients, 164 had TNG (6.4 %). Median age at presentation was 49.7 years, and 86 % were female. Overall cancer incidence was 18.3 % (30 of 164), and rates were not significantly different between institutions. A significantly greater cancer rate was noted in toxic multinodular goiter versus single toxic nodule patients (21 vs. 4.5 %, P < 0.05). Mean tumor size was 0.71 cm (range 0.1-1.5 cm; 23 % ≥1 cm). Most patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy. There were no significant differences in tumor sizes among institutions (P > 0.05). No significant cancer association was noted with age, preoperative dominant nodule size, lymphocytic thyroiditis or preoperative FNA (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a higher than expected incidental cancer rate in TNG patients compared to historical reports (18.3 vs. 3 %). This higher cancer incidence may alter the risk/benefit analysis regarding TNG treatment. This information should be provided to TNG patients before decision making regarding treatment.
AB - Background: Recent American Thyroid Association guidelines call for thyroidectomy or 131I (Recommendation 31) in managing hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Concern for concomitant malignancy favors surgery. A 3 % thyroid cancer incidence in TNG patients has been reported, yet recent studies suggest this rate is underestimated. This multi-institutional study examined cancer incidence in TNG patients referred to surgery. Methods: Patients referred for thyroidectomy at three tertiary-care institutions were included (2002-2011). Patients with concurrent indeterminate or malignant diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were excluded. Cancer incidence in TNG patients was determined. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests and nonparametric t tests were used. Results: Among 2,551 surgically treated patients, 164 had TNG (6.4 %). Median age at presentation was 49.7 years, and 86 % were female. Overall cancer incidence was 18.3 % (30 of 164), and rates were not significantly different between institutions. A significantly greater cancer rate was noted in toxic multinodular goiter versus single toxic nodule patients (21 vs. 4.5 %, P < 0.05). Mean tumor size was 0.71 cm (range 0.1-1.5 cm; 23 % ≥1 cm). Most patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy. There were no significant differences in tumor sizes among institutions (P > 0.05). No significant cancer association was noted with age, preoperative dominant nodule size, lymphocytic thyroiditis or preoperative FNA (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a higher than expected incidental cancer rate in TNG patients compared to historical reports (18.3 vs. 3 %). This higher cancer incidence may alter the risk/benefit analysis regarding TNG treatment. This information should be provided to TNG patients before decision making regarding treatment.
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U2 - 10.1245/s10434-012-2725-4
DO - 10.1245/s10434-012-2725-4
M3 - Article
VL - 20
SP - 1336
EP - 1340
JO - Annals of Surgical Oncology
JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology
SN - 1068-9265
IS - 4
ER -