The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei

M. Brusa; F. Civano; A. Comastri; T. Miyaji; M. Salvato; G. Zamorani; N. Cappelluti; F. Fiore; G. Hasinger; V. Mainieri; A. Merloni; A. Bongiorno; P. Capak; M. Elvis; R. Gilli; H. Hao; K. Jahnke; A. M. Koekemoer; O. Ilbert; E. Le Floc'H; E. Lusso; M. Mignoli; E. Schinnerer; J. D. Silverman; E. Treister; J. D. Trump; C. Vignali; M. Zamojski; T. Aldcroft; H. Aussel; S. Bardelli; M. Bolzonella; A. Cappi; K. Caputi; T. Contini; A. Finoguenov; A. Fruscione; B. Garilli; C. D. Impey; A. Iovino; K. Iwasawa; P. Kampczyk; J. Kartaltepe; J. P. Kneib; C. Knobel; K. Kovac; F. Lamareille; J. F. Leborgne; V. Le Brun; O. Le Fevre; S. J. Lilly; C. Maier; H. J. McCracken; R. Pello; Y. J. Peng; E. Perez-Montero; L. De Ravel; D. Sanders; M. Scodeggio; N. Z. Scoville; M. Tanaka; Y. Taniguchi; L. Tasca; S. De La Torre; L. Tresse; D. Vergani; E. Zucca

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348

The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei

M. Brusa, F. Civano, A. Comastri, T. Miyaji, M. Salvato, G. Zamorani, N. Cappelluti, F. Fiore, G. Hasinger, V. Mainieri, A. Merloni, A. Bongiorno, P. Capak, M. Elvis, R. Gilli, H. Hao, K. Jahnke, A. M. Koekemoer, O. Ilbert, E. Le Floc'HE. Lusso, M. Mignoli, E. Schinnerer, J. D. Silverman, E. Treister, J. D. Trump, C. Vignali, M. Zamojski, T. Aldcroft, H. Aussel, S. Bardelli, M. Bolzonella, A. Cappi, K. Caputi, T. Contini, A. Finoguenov, A. Fruscione, B. Garilli, C. D. Impey, A. Iovino, K. Iwasawa, P. Kampczyk, J. Kartaltepe, J. P. Kneib, C. Knobel, K. Kovac, F. Lamareille, J. F. Leborgne, V. Le Brun, O. Le Fevre, S. J. Lilly, C. Maier, H. J. McCracken, R. Pello, Y. J. Peng, E. Perez-Montero, L. De Ravel, D. Sanders, M. Scodeggio, N. Z. Scoville, M. Tanaka, Y. Taniguchi, L. Tasca, S. De La Torre, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, E. Zucca

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

242 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (∼60ks), contiguous (2deg²) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton has detected ∼1800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ∼5 × 10^-16, ∼3 × 10^-15, and ∼7 × 10^-15ergcm^-2s^-1 in the 0.5-2keV, 2-10keV, and 5-10keV bands, respectively (∼1 × 10^-15, 6 × 10^-15, and 1 × 10^-14ergcm^-2s ^-1, in the three bands, respectively, over 50% of the area). The work is complemented by an extensive collection of multiwavelength data from 24 μm to UV, available from the COSMOS survey, for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ≳50% of the sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM and multiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts, 1711 (95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (78%) have MIPS 24μm detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost 100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-ray luminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density of log L_X > 44.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is at z ∼ 2. Spectroscopically identified obscured and unobscured AGNs, as well as normal and star-forming galaxies, present well-defined optical and infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of ∼150 high-redshift (z > 1), obscured AGN candidates for which optical spectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction of the obscured AGN population at the highest (L_X > 10 ⁴⁴ergs^-1) X-ray luminosity is ∼15%-30% when selection effects are taken into account, providing an important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. We studied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energy distribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning from being starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate only thanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	348-369
Number of pages	22
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	716
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348
State	Published - 2010

Keywords

Galaxies: active
Surveys
X-rays: diffuse background
X-rays: galaxies
X-rays: general

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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Brusa, M., Civano, F., Comastri, A., Miyaji, T., Salvato, M., Zamorani, G., Cappelluti, N., Fiore, F., Hasinger, G., Mainieri, V., Merloni, A., Bongiorno, A., Capak, P., Elvis, M., Gilli, R., Hao, H., Jahnke, K., Koekemoer, A. M., Ilbert, O., ... Zucca, E. (2010). The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei. Astrophysical Journal, 716(1), 348-369. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348

The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS) : Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei. / Brusa, M.; Civano, F.; Comastri, A.; Miyaji, T.; Salvato, M.; Zamorani, G.; Cappelluti, N.; Fiore, F.; Hasinger, G.; Mainieri, V.; Merloni, A.; Bongiorno, A.; Capak, P.; Elvis, M.; Gilli, R.; Hao, H.; Jahnke, K.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Ilbert, O.; Le Floc'H, E.; Lusso, E.; Mignoli, M.; Schinnerer, E.; Silverman, J. D.; Treister, E.; Trump, J. D.; Vignali, C.; Zamojski, M.; Aldcroft, T.; Aussel, H.; Bardelli, S.; Bolzonella, M.; Cappi, A.; Caputi, K.; Contini, T.; Finoguenov, A.; Fruscione, A.; Garilli, B.; Impey, C. D.; Iovino, A.; Iwasawa, K.; Kampczyk, P.; Kartaltepe, J.; Kneib, J. P.; Knobel, C.; Kovac, K.; Lamareille, F.; Leborgne, J. F.; Le Brun, V.; Le Fevre, O.; Lilly, S. J.; Maier, C.; McCracken, H. J.; Pello, R.; Peng, Y. J.; Perez-Montero, E.; De Ravel, L.; Sanders, D.; Scodeggio, M.; Scoville, N. Z.; Tanaka, M.; Taniguchi, Y.; Tasca, L.; De La Torre, S.; Tresse, L.; Vergani, D.; Zucca, E.

In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 716, No. 1, 2010, p. 348-369.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Brusa, M, Civano, F, Comastri, A, Miyaji, T, Salvato, M, Zamorani, G, Cappelluti, N, Fiore, F, Hasinger, G, Mainieri, V, Merloni, A, Bongiorno, A, Capak, P, Elvis, M, Gilli, R, Hao, H, Jahnke, K, Koekemoer, AM, Ilbert, O, Le Floc'H, E, Lusso, E, Mignoli, M, Schinnerer, E, Silverman, JD, Treister, E, Trump, JD, Vignali, C, Zamojski, M, Aldcroft, T, Aussel, H, Bardelli, S, Bolzonella, M, Cappi, A, Caputi, K, Contini, T, Finoguenov, A, Fruscione, A, Garilli, B, Impey, CD, Iovino, A, Iwasawa, K, Kampczyk, P, Kartaltepe, J, Kneib, JP, Knobel, C, Kovac, K, Lamareille, F, Leborgne, JF, Le Brun, V, Le Fevre, O, Lilly, SJ, Maier, C, McCracken, HJ, Pello, R, Peng, YJ, Perez-Montero, E, De Ravel, L, Sanders, D, Scodeggio, M, Scoville, NZ, Tanaka, M, Taniguchi, Y, Tasca, L, De La Torre, S, Tresse, L, Vergani, D & Zucca, E 2010, 'The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 716, no. 1, pp. 348-369. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348

Brusa, M. ; Civano, F. ; Comastri, A. ; Miyaji, T. ; Salvato, M. ; Zamorani, G. ; Cappelluti, N. ; Fiore, F. ; Hasinger, G. ; Mainieri, V. ; Merloni, A. ; Bongiorno, A. ; Capak, P. ; Elvis, M. ; Gilli, R. ; Hao, H. ; Jahnke, K. ; Koekemoer, A. M. ; Ilbert, O. ; Le Floc'H, E. ; Lusso, E. ; Mignoli, M. ; Schinnerer, E. ; Silverman, J. D. ; Treister, E. ; Trump, J. D. ; Vignali, C. ; Zamojski, M. ; Aldcroft, T. ; Aussel, H. ; Bardelli, S. ; Bolzonella, M. ; Cappi, A. ; Caputi, K. ; Contini, T. ; Finoguenov, A. ; Fruscione, A. ; Garilli, B. ; Impey, C. D. ; Iovino, A. ; Iwasawa, K. ; Kampczyk, P. ; Kartaltepe, J. ; Kneib, J. P. ; Knobel, C. ; Kovac, K. ; Lamareille, F. ; Leborgne, J. F. ; Le Brun, V. ; Le Fevre, O. ; Lilly, S. J. ; Maier, C. ; McCracken, H. J. ; Pello, R. ; Peng, Y. J. ; Perez-Montero, E. ; De Ravel, L. ; Sanders, D. ; Scodeggio, M. ; Scoville, N. Z. ; Tanaka, M. ; Taniguchi, Y. ; Tasca, L. ; De La Torre, S. ; Tresse, L. ; Vergani, D. ; Zucca, E. / The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS) : Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei. In: Astrophysical Journal. 2010 ; Vol. 716, No. 1. pp. 348-369.

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title = "The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei",

abstract = "We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (∼60ks), contiguous (2deg2) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton has detected ∼1800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ∼5 × 10-16, ∼3 × 10-15, and ∼7 × 10-15ergcm-2s-1 in the 0.5-2keV, 2-10keV, and 5-10keV bands, respectively (∼1 × 10-15, 6 × 10-15, and 1 × 10-14ergcm-2s -1, in the three bands, respectively, over 50% of the area). The work is complemented by an extensive collection of multiwavelength data from 24 μm to UV, available from the COSMOS survey, for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ≳50% of the sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM and multiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts, 1711 (95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (78%) have MIPS 24μm detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost 100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-ray luminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density of log LX > 44.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is at z ∼ 2. Spectroscopically identified obscured and unobscured AGNs, as well as normal and star-forming galaxies, present well-defined optical and infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of ∼150 high-redshift (z > 1), obscured AGN candidates for which optical spectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction of the obscured AGN population at the highest (LX > 10 44ergs-1) X-ray luminosity is ∼15%-30% when selection effects are taken into account, providing an important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. We studied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energy distribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning from being starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate only thanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.",

keywords = "Galaxies: active, Surveys, X-rays: diffuse background, X-rays: galaxies, X-rays: general",

author = "M. Brusa and F. Civano and A. Comastri and T. Miyaji and M. Salvato and G. Zamorani and N. Cappelluti and F. Fiore and G. Hasinger and V. Mainieri and A. Merloni and A. Bongiorno and P. Capak and M. Elvis and R. Gilli and H. Hao and K. Jahnke and Koekemoer, {A. M.} and O. Ilbert and {Le Floc'H}, E. and E. Lusso and M. Mignoli and E. Schinnerer and Silverman, {J. D.} and E. Treister and Trump, {J. D.} and C. Vignali and M. Zamojski and T. Aldcroft and H. Aussel and S. Bardelli and M. Bolzonella and A. Cappi and K. Caputi and T. Contini and A. Finoguenov and A. Fruscione and B. Garilli and Impey, {C. D.} and A. Iovino and K. Iwasawa and P. Kampczyk and J. Kartaltepe and Kneib, {J. P.} and C. Knobel and K. Kovac and F. Lamareille and Leborgne, {J. F.} and {Le Brun}, V. and {Le Fevre}, O. and Lilly, {S. J.} and C. Maier and McCracken, {H. J.} and R. Pello and Peng, {Y. J.} and E. Perez-Montero and {De Ravel}, L. and D. Sanders and M. Scodeggio and Scoville, {N. Z.} and M. Tanaka and Y. Taniguchi and L. Tasca and {De La Torre}, S. and L. Tresse and D. Vergani and E. Zucca",

year = "2010",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "716",

pages = "348--369",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The XMM-newton wide-field survey in the cosmos field (XMM-COSMOS)

T2 - Demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous active galactic nuclei

AU - Brusa, M.

AU - Civano, F.

AU - Comastri, A.

AU - Miyaji, T.

AU - Salvato, M.

AU - Zamorani, G.

AU - Cappelluti, N.

AU - Fiore, F.

AU - Hasinger, G.

AU - Mainieri, V.

AU - Merloni, A.

AU - Bongiorno, A.

AU - Capak, P.

AU - Elvis, M.

AU - Gilli, R.

AU - Hao, H.

AU - Jahnke, K.

AU - Koekemoer, A. M.

AU - Ilbert, O.

AU - Le Floc'H, E.

AU - Lusso, E.

AU - Mignoli, M.

AU - Schinnerer, E.

AU - Silverman, J. D.

AU - Treister, E.

AU - Trump, J. D.

AU - Vignali, C.

AU - Zamojski, M.

AU - Aldcroft, T.

AU - Aussel, H.

AU - Bardelli, S.

AU - Bolzonella, M.

AU - Cappi, A.

AU - Caputi, K.

AU - Contini, T.

AU - Finoguenov, A.

AU - Fruscione, A.

AU - Garilli, B.

AU - Impey, C. D.

AU - Iovino, A.

AU - Iwasawa, K.

AU - Kampczyk, P.

AU - Kartaltepe, J.

AU - Kneib, J. P.

AU - Knobel, C.

AU - Kovac, K.

AU - Lamareille, F.

AU - Leborgne, J. F.

AU - Le Brun, V.

AU - Le Fevre, O.

AU - Lilly, S. J.

AU - Maier, C.

AU - McCracken, H. J.

AU - Pello, R.

AU - Peng, Y. J.

AU - Perez-Montero, E.

AU - De Ravel, L.

AU - Sanders, D.

AU - Scodeggio, M.

AU - Scoville, N. Z.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Taniguchi, Y.

AU - Tasca, L.

AU - De La Torre, S.

AU - Tresse, L.

AU - Vergani, D.

AU - Zucca, E.

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (∼60ks), contiguous (2deg2) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton has detected ∼1800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ∼5 × 10-16, ∼3 × 10-15, and ∼7 × 10-15ergcm-2s-1 in the 0.5-2keV, 2-10keV, and 5-10keV bands, respectively (∼1 × 10-15, 6 × 10-15, and 1 × 10-14ergcm-2s -1, in the three bands, respectively, over 50% of the area). The work is complemented by an extensive collection of multiwavelength data from 24 μm to UV, available from the COSMOS survey, for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ≳50% of the sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM and multiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts, 1711 (95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (78%) have MIPS 24μm detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost 100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-ray luminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density of log LX > 44.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is at z ∼ 2. Spectroscopically identified obscured and unobscured AGNs, as well as normal and star-forming galaxies, present well-defined optical and infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of ∼150 high-redshift (z > 1), obscured AGN candidates for which optical spectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction of the obscured AGN population at the highest (LX > 10 44ergs-1) X-ray luminosity is ∼15%-30% when selection effects are taken into account, providing an important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. We studied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energy distribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning from being starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate only thanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.

AB - We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (∼60ks), contiguous (2deg2) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton has detected ∼1800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ∼5 × 10-16, ∼3 × 10-15, and ∼7 × 10-15ergcm-2s-1 in the 0.5-2keV, 2-10keV, and 5-10keV bands, respectively (∼1 × 10-15, 6 × 10-15, and 1 × 10-14ergcm-2s -1, in the three bands, respectively, over 50% of the area). The work is complemented by an extensive collection of multiwavelength data from 24 μm to UV, available from the COSMOS survey, for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ≳50% of the sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM and multiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts, 1711 (95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (78%) have MIPS 24μm detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost 100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-ray luminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density of log LX > 44.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is at z ∼ 2. Spectroscopically identified obscured and unobscured AGNs, as well as normal and star-forming galaxies, present well-defined optical and infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of ∼150 high-redshift (z > 1), obscured AGN candidates for which optical spectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction of the obscured AGN population at the highest (LX > 10 44ergs-1) X-ray luminosity is ∼15%-30% when selection effects are taken into account, providing an important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. We studied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energy distribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning from being starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate only thanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.

KW - Galaxies: active

KW - Surveys

KW - X-rays: diffuse background

KW - X-rays: galaxies

KW - X-rays: general

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