TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of proteoglycans in Schwann cell/astrocyte interactions and in regeneration failure at PNS/CNS interfaces
AU - Grimpe, Barbara
AU - Pressman, Yelena
AU - Bunge, Mary Bartlett
AU - Silver, Jerry
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Albert Ries for his outstanding help in protein chemistry and photographic quantification. We also thank Prof. Paul Jones from the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Case Western Reserve University for his help in the statistical evaluation procedures. This work was supported by NS 25713, NS 09923, the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, the Daniel Heumann Fund, and the Brumagin Memorial Fund.
Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2005/1
Y1 - 2005/1
N2 - In the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) peripheral sensory axons fail to regenerate past the peripheral nervous system/central nervous system (PNS/CNS) interface. Additionally, in the spinal cord, central fibers that regenerate into Schwann cell (SC) bridges can enter but do not exit at the distal Schwann cell/astrocyte (AC) boundary. At both interfaces where limited mixing of the two cell types occurs, one can observe an up-regulation of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We treated confrontation Schwann cell/astrocyte cultures with the following: (1) a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enzyme against the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-chain-initiating enzyme, xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), (2) a control DNA enzyme, and (3) chondroitinase ABC (Ch'ase ABC) to degrade the GAG chains. Both techniques for reducing CSPGs allowed Schwann cells to penetrate deeply into the territory of the astrocytes. After adding sensory neurons to the assay, the axons showed different growth behaviors depending upon the glial cell type that they first encountered during regeneration. Our results help to explain why regeneration fails at PNS/CNS glial boundaries.
AB - In the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) peripheral sensory axons fail to regenerate past the peripheral nervous system/central nervous system (PNS/CNS) interface. Additionally, in the spinal cord, central fibers that regenerate into Schwann cell (SC) bridges can enter but do not exit at the distal Schwann cell/astrocyte (AC) boundary. At both interfaces where limited mixing of the two cell types occurs, one can observe an up-regulation of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We treated confrontation Schwann cell/astrocyte cultures with the following: (1) a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enzyme against the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-chain-initiating enzyme, xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), (2) a control DNA enzyme, and (3) chondroitinase ABC (Ch'ase ABC) to degrade the GAG chains. Both techniques for reducing CSPGs allowed Schwann cells to penetrate deeply into the territory of the astrocytes. After adding sensory neurons to the assay, the axons showed different growth behaviors depending upon the glial cell type that they first encountered during regeneration. Our results help to explain why regeneration fails at PNS/CNS glial boundaries.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.06.010
DO - 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.06.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 15607938
AN - SCOPUS:10644237170
VL - 28
SP - 18
EP - 29
JO - Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
JF - Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
SN - 1044-7431
IS - 1
ER -