The membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP triggers an outside-in DNA damage response that impacts chemo- and radiotherapy responses of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in the US. Targeted therapies exist, however resistance is common and patients resort to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is also a main treatment for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients; while radiation is delivered to patients with advanced disease to counteract metastasis. Yet, resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy is still frequent, highlighting a need to provide novel sensitizers. We discovered that MT1-MMP modulates DNA damage responses (DDR) in breast cancer. MT1-MMP expression inversely correlates to chemotherapy response of breast cancer patients. Inhibition of MT1-MMP sensitizes TNBC cells to IR and doxorubicin in vitro, and in vivo in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Specifically, depletion of MT1-MMP causes stalling of replication forks and Double Strand Breaks (DBSs), leading to increased sensitivity to additional genotoxic stresses. These effects are mediated by integrinβ1, as a constitutive active integrinβ1 reverts replication defects and protects cells depleted of MT1-MMP from IR and chemotherapy. These data highlight a novel DNA damage response triggered by MT1-MMP-integrinβ1 and provide a new point of therapeutic targeting that may improve breast cancer patient outcomes.