The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters

J. E. Hill; R. G. Bakera; J. K. Blacka; M. J. Brownea; W. H. Baumgartner; Caldwell E.M. Caldwell; J. D. Cantwell; A. Davies; A. B. Desai; P. L. Dickens; N. K. Dobson; R. L. Foxwell; A. S. Francomacaro; D. Gall; K. J. Gregory; S. Griffiths; A. Hayato; R. O. Hampshire; T. Hwang; M. D. Jhabvala; K. Jahoda; P. Kaaret; S. J. Lehtonen; N. F. Martin; J. S. Mohammed; K. Montt De Garcia; A. Morell; D. S. Nolan; R. E. Russell; M. A. Sampson; J. A. Sanders; K. Simms; M. J. Singer; J. H. Swank; T. Tamagawa; A. Weaver; S. N. Yerushalmi; J. J. Xu

doi:10.1117/12.928435

The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters

J. E. Hill, R. G. Bakera, J. K. Blacka, M. J. Brownea, W. H. Baumgartner, Caldwell E.M. Caldwell, J. D. Cantwell, A. Davies, A. B. Desai, P. L. Dickens, N. K. Dobson, R. L. Foxwell, A. S. Francomacaro, D. Gall, K. J. Gregory, S. Griffiths, A. Hayato, R. O. Hampshire, T. Hwang, M. D. JhabvalaK. Jahoda, P. Kaaret, S. J. Lehtonen, N. F. Martin, J. S. Mohammed, K. Montt De Garcia, A. Morell, D. S. Nolan, R. E. Russell, M. A. Sampson, J. A. Sanders, K. Simms, M. J. Singer, J. H. Swank, T. Tamagawa, A. Weaver, S. N. Yerushalmi, J. J. Xu

Atmospheric Sciences

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) will realize its scientific objectives through high sensitivity linear X-ray polarization measurements in the 2-10 keV band. The GEMS X-ray polarimeters, based on the photoelectric effect, provide a strong polarization response with high quantum efficiency over a broad band-pass by a novel implementation of the time projection chamber (TPC). This paper will discuss the basic principles of the TPC polarimeter and describe the details of the mechanical and electrical design of the GEMS flight polarimeter. We will present performance measurements from two GEMS engineering test units in response to polarized and unpolarized X-rays and before and after thermal and vibration tests performed to demonstrate that the design is at a technology readiness level 6 (TRL-6).

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012
Subtitle of host publication	Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.928435
State	Published - 2012
Event	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray - Amsterdam, Netherlands Duration: Jul 1 2012 → Jul 6 2012

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	8443
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X

Other

Other	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Country	Netherlands
City	Amsterdam
Period	7/1/12 → 7/6/12

Keywords

Di-methyl Ether
GEM
Gas Electron Multiplier
Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX
Time-projection Chamber Polarimeter
X-ray Polarization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1117/12.928435

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Hill, J. E., Bakera, R. G., Blacka, J. K., Brownea, M. J., Baumgartner, W. H., E.M. Caldwell, C., Cantwell, J. D., Davies, A., Desai, A. B., Dickens, P. L., Dobson, N. K., Foxwell, R. L., Francomacaro, A. S., Gall, D., Gregory, K. J., Griffiths, S., Hayato, A., Hampshire, R. O., Hwang, T., ... Xu, J. J. (2012). The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters. In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray [84431Q] (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 8443). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.928435

The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters. / Hill, J. E.; Bakera, R. G.; Blacka, J. K.; Brownea, M. J.; Baumgartner, W. H.; E.M. Caldwell, Caldwell; Cantwell, J. D.; Davies, A.; Desai, A. B.; Dickens, P. L.; Dobson, N. K.; Foxwell, R. L.; Francomacaro, A. S.; Gall, D.; Gregory, K. J.; Griffiths, S.; Hayato, A.; Hampshire, R. O.; Hwang, T.; Jhabvala, M. D.; Jahoda, K.; Kaaret, P.; Lehtonen, S. J.; Martin, N. F.; Mohammed, J. S.; De Garcia, K. Montt; Morell, A.; Nolan, D. S.; Russell, R. E.; Sampson, M. A.; Sanders, J. A.; Simms, K.; Singer, M. J.; Swank, J. H.; Tamagawa, T.; Weaver, A.; Yerushalmi, S. N.; Xu, J. J.

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. 2012. 84431Q (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 8443).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Hill, JE, Bakera, RG, Blacka, JK, Brownea, MJ, Baumgartner, WH, E.M. Caldwell, C, Cantwell, JD, Davies, A, Desai, AB, Dickens, PL, Dobson, NK, Foxwell, RL, Francomacaro, AS, Gall, D, Gregory, KJ, Griffiths, S, Hayato, A, Hampshire, RO, Hwang, T, Jhabvala, MD, Jahoda, K, Kaaret, P, Lehtonen, SJ, Martin, NF, Mohammed, JS, De Garcia, KM, Morell, A, Nolan, DS, Russell, RE, Sampson, MA, Sanders, JA, Simms, K, Singer, MJ, Swank, JH, Tamagawa, T, Weaver, A, Yerushalmi, SN & Xu, JJ 2012, The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters. in Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray., 84431Q, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 8443, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7/1/12. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.928435

Hill, J. E. ; Bakera, R. G. ; Blacka, J. K. ; Brownea, M. J. ; Baumgartner, W. H. ; E.M. Caldwell, Caldwell ; Cantwell, J. D. ; Davies, A. ; Desai, A. B. ; Dickens, P. L. ; Dobson, N. K. ; Foxwell, R. L. ; Francomacaro, A. S. ; Gall, D. ; Gregory, K. J. ; Griffiths, S. ; Hayato, A. ; Hampshire, R. O. ; Hwang, T. ; Jhabvala, M. D. ; Jahoda, K. ; Kaaret, P. ; Lehtonen, S. J. ; Martin, N. F. ; Mohammed, J. S. ; De Garcia, K. Montt ; Morell, A. ; Nolan, D. S. ; Russell, R. E. ; Sampson, M. A. ; Sanders, J. A. ; Simms, K. ; Singer, M. J. ; Swank, J. H. ; Tamagawa, T. ; Weaver, A. ; Yerushalmi, S. N. ; Xu, J. J. / The design and qualification of the GEMS X-ray polarimeters. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. 2012. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

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abstract = "The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) will realize its scientific objectives through high sensitivity linear X-ray polarization measurements in the 2-10 keV band. The GEMS X-ray polarimeters, based on the photoelectric effect, provide a strong polarization response with high quantum efficiency over a broad band-pass by a novel implementation of the time projection chamber (TPC). This paper will discuss the basic principles of the TPC polarimeter and describe the details of the mechanical and electrical design of the GEMS flight polarimeter. We will present performance measurements from two GEMS engineering test units in response to polarized and unpolarized X-rays and before and after thermal and vibration tests performed to demonstrate that the design is at a technology readiness level 6 (TRL-6).",

keywords = "Di-methyl Ether, GEM, Gas Electron Multiplier, Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX, Time-projection Chamber Polarimeter, X-ray Polarization",

author = "Hill, {J. E.} and Bakera, {R. G.} and Blacka, {J. K.} and Brownea, {M. J.} and Baumgartner, {W. H.} and {E.M. Caldwell}, Caldwell and Cantwell, {J. D.} and A. Davies and Desai, {A. B.} and Dickens, {P. L.} and Dobson, {N. K.} and Foxwell, {R. L.} and Francomacaro, {A. S.} and D. Gall and Gregory, {K. J.} and S. Griffiths and A. Hayato and Hampshire, {R. O.} and T. Hwang and Jhabvala, {M. D.} and K. Jahoda and P. Kaaret and Lehtonen, {S. J.} and Martin, {N. F.} and Mohammed, {J. S.} and {De Garcia}, {K. Montt} and A. Morell and Nolan, {D. S.} and Russell, {R. E.} and Sampson, {M. A.} and Sanders, {J. A.} and K. Simms and Singer, {M. J.} and Swank, {J. H.} and T. Tamagawa and A. Weaver and Yerushalmi, {S. N.} and Xu, {J. J.}",

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AU - Hill, J. E.

AU - Bakera, R. G.

AU - Blacka, J. K.

AU - Brownea, M. J.

AU - Baumgartner, W. H.

AU - E.M. Caldwell, Caldwell

AU - Cantwell, J. D.

AU - Davies, A.

AU - Desai, A. B.

AU - Dickens, P. L.

AU - Dobson, N. K.

AU - Foxwell, R. L.

AU - Francomacaro, A. S.

AU - Gall, D.

AU - Gregory, K. J.

AU - Griffiths, S.

AU - Hayato, A.

AU - Hampshire, R. O.

AU - Hwang, T.

AU - Jhabvala, M. D.

AU - Jahoda, K.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Lehtonen, S. J.

AU - Martin, N. F.

AU - Mohammed, J. S.

AU - De Garcia, K. Montt

AU - Morell, A.

AU - Nolan, D. S.

AU - Russell, R. E.

AU - Sampson, M. A.

AU - Sanders, J. A.

AU - Simms, K.

AU - Singer, M. J.

AU - Swank, J. H.

AU - Tamagawa, T.

AU - Weaver, A.

AU - Yerushalmi, S. N.

AU - Xu, J. J.

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KW - GEM

KW - Gas Electron Multiplier

KW - Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX

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KW - X-ray Polarization

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T2 - Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

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