TY - JOUR
T1 - The carbon dioxide system in the Arabian Sea
AU - Millero, Frank J.
AU - Degler, Elizabeth A.
AU - O'Sullivan, Daniel W.
AU - Goyet, Catherine
AU - Eischeid, Greg
N1 - Funding Information:
In 1995 the WHOI (C. Goyet) and MIAMI (F.J. Millero) groups participated in Þve research cruises in the Arabian Sea aboard the R/V ¹homas G. ¹hompson (Table 1) as part of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge the National Science Foundation for its support through grants OCE-9310895 to CG and OCE-9310954 to FJM. The authors also wish to thank the crew of the University of Washington ship, the R/V Thomas G. Thompson as well as R. Adams, and R. Bellerby for help with the pH, TA, and TCO2 measurements during the cruises.
Funding Information:
In 1995 the WHOI (C. Goyet) and MIAMI (F.J. Millero) groups participated on a number of research cruises in the Arabian Sea as part of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This paper gives the results of our total inorganic carbon dioxide (TCO ), total alkalinity (TA) and potentiometric pH measurements made on Arabian Sea water samples2 during these cruises. Measurements made on CertiÞed Reference Material (CRM) indicate that the reproducibility of the measurements was$0.007 in pH, $3.2 µmol kg~1 in TA, and $1.2 µmol kg~1 in TCO2 (N"180). The surface measurements (0—30 m) of pH and normalized TCO2 and TA were quite uniform throughout the year (pH"8.1$0.05, NTCO "1950$20 µmol kg~1 and NTA"2290$5 µmol kg~1). The larger variations in NTCO in2 the surface waters are related to changes in primary production and upwelling in the coastal2waters. The depth proÞles of pH, pCO , TA, and TCO were similar to those in the Equatorial PaciÞc Ocean. The components of the2carbonate system2 (CO , HCO~, CO2~) and the saturation state ()) for calcite and aragonite were determined2from the3 measurements3 of TA and TCO2. The waters below 600 and 3400 m in the Arabian Sea were undersaturated ()(1.0) for aragonite and calcite, respectively.
PY - 1998/8
Y1 - 1998/8
N2 - In 1995 the WHOI (C. Goyet) and MIAMI (F.J. Millero) groups participated on a number of research cruises in the Arabian Sea as part of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This paper gives the results of our total inorganic carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity (TA) and potentiometric pH measurements made on Arabian Sea water samples during these cruises. Measurements made on Certified Reference Material (CRM) indicate that the reproducibility of the measurements was ±0.007 in pH, ±3.2 μmolkg-1 in TA, and ±1.2 μmolkg-1 in TCO2 (N = 180). The surface measurements (0-30 m) of pH and normalized TCO2 and TA were quite uniform throughout the year (pH = 8.1 ± 0.05, NTCO2 = 1950 ± 20 μmolkg-1 and NTA = 2290 ± 5 μmolkg-1). The larger variations in NTCO2 in the surface waters are related to changes in primary production and upwelling in the coastal waters. The depth profiles of pH, pCO2, TA, and TCO2 were similar to those in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The components of the carbonate system (CO2, HCO3/-, CO3/2-) and the saturation state (Ω) for calcite and aragonite were determined from the measurements of TA and TCO2. The waters below 600 and 3400 m in the Arabian Sea were undersaturated (Ω < 1.0) for aragonite and calcite, respectively. The CO2 measurements have been combined with the nutrient data to examine the stoichiometric ratios of C/N, C/P, C/O2, and C/SiO2 of the waters. Marked differences were found for the waters above and below the oxygen minimum zone. The surface water results have been used to develop the following stoichiometry for phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea (CH2O)125(NH3)14(H3PO4)(SiO2)13. The oxidation of this material is due to reactions with O2 (77%) and NO3 (23%) with the resultant formation of N2 and N2O. The maximum amount of organic carbon oxidized has been estimated to be 3.1 μmol kg-1 in the deep waters with as much as 0.9 μmol kg-1 in the oxygen minimum zone with NO3. The maximum amount of CaCO3 dissolved in the deep waters is 116 μmol kg-1. These results, together with the organic material collected from the sediment traps, should be useful in characterizing the formation and degradation of plant material in the Arabian Sea.
AB - In 1995 the WHOI (C. Goyet) and MIAMI (F.J. Millero) groups participated on a number of research cruises in the Arabian Sea as part of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This paper gives the results of our total inorganic carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity (TA) and potentiometric pH measurements made on Arabian Sea water samples during these cruises. Measurements made on Certified Reference Material (CRM) indicate that the reproducibility of the measurements was ±0.007 in pH, ±3.2 μmolkg-1 in TA, and ±1.2 μmolkg-1 in TCO2 (N = 180). The surface measurements (0-30 m) of pH and normalized TCO2 and TA were quite uniform throughout the year (pH = 8.1 ± 0.05, NTCO2 = 1950 ± 20 μmolkg-1 and NTA = 2290 ± 5 μmolkg-1). The larger variations in NTCO2 in the surface waters are related to changes in primary production and upwelling in the coastal waters. The depth profiles of pH, pCO2, TA, and TCO2 were similar to those in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The components of the carbonate system (CO2, HCO3/-, CO3/2-) and the saturation state (Ω) for calcite and aragonite were determined from the measurements of TA and TCO2. The waters below 600 and 3400 m in the Arabian Sea were undersaturated (Ω < 1.0) for aragonite and calcite, respectively. The CO2 measurements have been combined with the nutrient data to examine the stoichiometric ratios of C/N, C/P, C/O2, and C/SiO2 of the waters. Marked differences were found for the waters above and below the oxygen minimum zone. The surface water results have been used to develop the following stoichiometry for phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea (CH2O)125(NH3)14(H3PO4)(SiO2)13. The oxidation of this material is due to reactions with O2 (77%) and NO3 (23%) with the resultant formation of N2 and N2O. The maximum amount of organic carbon oxidized has been estimated to be 3.1 μmol kg-1 in the deep waters with as much as 0.9 μmol kg-1 in the oxygen minimum zone with NO3. The maximum amount of CaCO3 dissolved in the deep waters is 116 μmol kg-1. These results, together with the organic material collected from the sediment traps, should be useful in characterizing the formation and degradation of plant material in the Arabian Sea.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00069-1
DO - 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00069-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032446760
VL - 45
SP - 2225
EP - 2252
JO - Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
JF - Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
SN - 0967-0645
IS - 10-11
ER -