@article{1c4fad274fe943069f6d8bf2bace303f,
title = "Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation",
abstract = "Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have the potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, have traditionally been linked to the strength of deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes in deep water formation influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP—Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) to show that winter convection during 2014–2018 in the interior basin had minimal impact on density changes in the deep western boundary currents in the subpolar basins. Contrary to previous modeling studies, we find no discernable relationship between western boundary changes and subpolar overturning variability over the observational time scales. Our results require a reconsideration of the notion of deep western boundary changes representing overturning characteristics, with implications for constraining the source of overturning variability within and downstream of the subpolar region.",
author = "F. Li and Lozier, {M. S.} and S. Bacon and Bower, {A. S.} and Cunningham, {S. A.} and {de Jong}, {M. F.} and B. deYoung and N. Fraser and N. Fried and G. Han and Holliday, {N. P.} and J. Holte and L. Houpert and Inall, {M. E.} and Johns, {W. E.} and S. Jones and C. Johnson and J. Karstensen and {Le Bras}, {I. A.} and P. Lherminier and X. Lin and H. Mercier and M. Oltmanns and A. Pacini and T. Petit and Pickart, {R. S.} and D. Rayner and F. Straneo and V. Thierry and M. Visbeck and I. Yashayaev and C. Zhou",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Kevin Balem for processing the data from the French RREX moorings. Argo data are provided by USGODAE GDAC (https://nrlgodae1.nrlmry.navy.mil/; accessed on 5-March-2020). Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www. argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System (https://doi.org/10.17882/42182). We acknowledge funding from the Physical Oceanography Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1259398, OCE-1756231, OCE-1948335); the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Capability programs the Extended Ellett Line and CLASS (NE/R015953/1), and NERC grants UK-OSNAP (NE/K010875/1, NE/K010875/2, NE/K010700/1) and U.K. OSNAP Decade (NE/T00858X/1, NE/T008938/1). Additional support was received from the European Union 7th Framework Program (FP7 2007-2013) under grant 308299 (NACLIM), the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 727852 (Blue-Action), 862626 (EuroSea). We also acknowledge support from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the Surface Water and Ocean Topography-Canada (SWOT-C), Canadian Space Agency, the Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, an Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant, and from the China{\textquoteright}s national key research and development projects (2016YFA0601803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41925025) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201424001). Support for the 53°N array by the RACE program of the German Ministry BMBF is acknowledged, as is the contribution from Fisheries and Oceans Canada{\textquoteright}s Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41467-021-23350-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
journal = "Nature Communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}