TY - JOUR
T1 - Relative risk assessment of cruise ships biosolids disposal alternatives
AU - Avellaneda, Pedro M.
AU - Englehardt, James D.
AU - Olascoaga, Josefina
AU - Babcock, Elizabeth A.
AU - Brand, Larry
AU - Lirman, Diego
AU - Rogge, Wolfgang F.
AU - Solo-Gabriele, Helena
AU - Tchobanoglous, George
N1 - Funding Information:
Support for this work was provided by the Cruise Line Industry Association . Rich Pruitt, Steve Collins, Paul D’Annunzio, Randall R. Fiebrandt, James Mitchell, Angélica Echavarría Gregory, and Ruochen Li and are thanked for their assistance in the project.
PY - 2011/10
Y1 - 2011/10
N2 - A relative risk assessment of biosolids disposal alternatives for cruise ships is presented in this paper. The area of study encompasses islands and marine waters of the Caribbean Sea. The objective was to evaluate relative human health and ecological risks of (a) dewatering/incineration, (b) landing the solids for disposal, considering that in some countries land-disposed solids might be discharged in the near-shore environment untreated, and (c) deep ocean disposal. Input to the Bayesian assessment consisted of professional judgment based on available literature and modeling information, data on constituent concentrations in cruise ship biosolids, and simulations of constituent concentrations in Caribbean waters assuming ocean disposal. Results indicate that human health and ecological risks associated with land disposal and shallow ocean disposal are higher than those of the deep ocean disposal and incineration. For incineration, predicted ecological impacts were lower relative to deep ocean disposal before considering potential impacts of carbon emissions.
AB - A relative risk assessment of biosolids disposal alternatives for cruise ships is presented in this paper. The area of study encompasses islands and marine waters of the Caribbean Sea. The objective was to evaluate relative human health and ecological risks of (a) dewatering/incineration, (b) landing the solids for disposal, considering that in some countries land-disposed solids might be discharged in the near-shore environment untreated, and (c) deep ocean disposal. Input to the Bayesian assessment consisted of professional judgment based on available literature and modeling information, data on constituent concentrations in cruise ship biosolids, and simulations of constituent concentrations in Caribbean waters assuming ocean disposal. Results indicate that human health and ecological risks associated with land disposal and shallow ocean disposal are higher than those of the deep ocean disposal and incineration. For incineration, predicted ecological impacts were lower relative to deep ocean disposal before considering potential impacts of carbon emissions.
KW - Biosolids
KW - Caribbean
KW - Cruise
KW - Disposal
KW - Treatment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.006
DO - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 21821268
AN - SCOPUS:80053132127
VL - 62
SP - 2157
EP - 2169
JO - Marine Pollution Bulletin
JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin
SN - 0025-326X
IS - 10
ER -
