@article{e056b006cff341d6aeb55218fa75abb6,
title = "Relationship of child IQ to parental IQ and education in children with fetal antiepileptic drug exposure",
abstract = "Clinical trial designs need to control for genetic and environmental influences when examining cognitive outcomes in children for whom clinical considerations preclude randomization. However, the contributions of maternal and paternal IQ and education to pediatric cognitive outcomes are uncertain in disease populations. The Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (NEAD) Study is an ongoing prospective observational multicenter study in the United States and United Kingdom, which enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy to determine if differential long-term neurodevelopmental effects exist across four commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Here, we examined the relationship of IQ and education in both parents to child IQ at age 3. years. IQ and education for both parents were statistically correlated to child IQ. However, paternal IQ and education were not significant after accounting for maternal IQ effects. Because maternal IQ and education are independently related to child cognitive outcome, both should be assessed in studies investigating the effects of fetal drug exposures or other environmental factors that could affect the child's cognitive outcome.",
keywords = "Antiepileptic drugs, Epilepsy, Intelligence quotient, Neurodevelopment",
author = "Meador, {Kimford J.} and Baker, {Gus A.} and Nancy Browning and Jill Clayton-Smith and Cohen, {Morris J.} and Kalayjian, {Laura A.} and Andres Kanner and Liporace, {Joyce D.} and Pennell, {Page B.} and Michael Privitera and Loring, {David W.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Meador reports receiving research support from McKnight Brain Institute, MCG Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline, EISAI Medical Research, Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, NeuroPace, SAM Technology, and UCB Pharma; and also serves on the Professional Advisory Board for the Epilepsy Foundation and the editorial boards for Epilepsy and Behavior , Epilepsy Currents , Epilepsy.com , Neurology , and Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology . Dr. Baker reports serving on paid advisory boards, receiving lecture fees from Pfizer, UCB, and Janseen, receiving grant support from Sanofi–Aventis and Pfizer, and has served as an expert witness in litigation related to neurodevelopment effects of antiepileptic drugs. Dr. Clayton-Smith is journal editor for Clinical Dysmorphology and has served as an expert witness in litigation related to neurodevelopment effects of antiepileptic drugs. Dr. Combs-Cantrell reports receiving lecture fees from GlaxoWelcome. Dr. Kalayjian reports receiving lecture fees from GlaxoSmithKline and Ortho–McNeil, and grant support from Marinus and Medical College of Georgia. Dr. Kanner reports receiving lecture fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho–McNeil, Pfizer, and UCB, consulting fees or paid advisory boards from GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho–McNeil, Valeant Laboratories, and UCB, and grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis. Dr. Liporace reports receiving lecture fees from UCB Pharma, and also is a member of the Professional Board of Epilepsy Foundation of Eastern PA. Dr Pennell has received grant support from NIH, CDC, Milken Family Foundation, UCB Pharma, and Marinus Pharmaceuticals; and serves on the Professional Advisory Board for the Epilepsy Foundation, the Board of Directors for the American Epilepsy Society, and the editorial boards for Epilepsy Currents and Epilepsia . Dr. Privitera reports receiving consulting and advisory board fees from UCB, Johnson and Johnson, and Epifellows Foundation; lecture fees from Ortho–McNeil, Pfizer, GlaxoSmith Kline, Janssen, and UCB; grant support from UCB, Ortho–McNeil, and the American Epilepsy Society. Dr. Loring reports receiving consulting fees from UCB, NeuroPace, and Sanofi–Aventis and grant support from Myriad Pharm, Sam Technology, and Novartis. No other potential conflicts of interest are reported. Funding Information: The study was supported by Grants 2RO1NS038455 and R01NS050659 from the NIH/NINDS , and RB219738 from the UK Epilepsy Research Foundation . The investigators thank the children and families who have given their time to participate in the NEAD Study. ",
year = "2011",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.03.020",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "147--152",
journal = "Epilepsy and Behavior",
issn = "1525-5050",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "2",
}