Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression by protein kinases

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally and functionally related zinc-containing endopeptidases that are capable of degrading almost all of the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Under physiological and pathological conditions, the MMPs play a significant role in the efficient tissue turnover and remodeling. Specific MMPs are responsible for the matrix degradation and remodeling. Maintenance of the equilibrium between deposition and degradation of the extracellular matrix is essential to the normal tissue development. Therefore, synthesis and breakdown of the MMPs are tightly controlled by protein kinases which mediate a host of other cellular processes. The MMPs are often induced by several agents and any uncontrolled expression of the MMPs can contribute to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of the MMPs by the protein kinases at the level of gene expression and their signaling pathways.