TY - JOUR
T1 - Reference intervals, longitudinal analyses, and index of individuality of commonly measured laboratory variables in captive bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus)
AU - Jones, Michael P.
AU - Arheart, Kristopher L.
AU - Cray, Carolyn
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - The objectives of this study were to determine reference intervals, perform longitudinal analyses, and determine the index of individuality (IoI) of 8 hematologic, and 13 biochemical and electrophoretic variables for a group of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Reference intervals were determined from blood samples collected during annual wellness examinations for 41 eagles (23 male and 18 female) with ages ranging between 6 and 43 years (18.7 ± 7.4, mean ± SD) at the time of sample collection. Longitudinal analyses and IoI were determined for measured hematologic, biochemical, and protein electrophoretic variables, both individually and as a group, for a subset of 16 eagles (10 male and 6 female) during a 12-year period. This smaller group of eagles ranged in age between 2 and 20 years at the start of the study period, and between 14 and 32 years (21.9 ± 5.0, mean ± SD) at the end of the study period. Significant increases with age within the group of 16 eagles were observed only for red blood cells, percent heterophils, total protein, and β-globulin protein fraction, while albumin:globulin decreased significantly with age. A low IoI (≥1.4) was determined for all hematologic and biochemical variables except γ globulins, which had high IoI (≤0.6) for 3 individuals within the subset of 16.
AB - The objectives of this study were to determine reference intervals, perform longitudinal analyses, and determine the index of individuality (IoI) of 8 hematologic, and 13 biochemical and electrophoretic variables for a group of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Reference intervals were determined from blood samples collected during annual wellness examinations for 41 eagles (23 male and 18 female) with ages ranging between 6 and 43 years (18.7 ± 7.4, mean ± SD) at the time of sample collection. Longitudinal analyses and IoI were determined for measured hematologic, biochemical, and protein electrophoretic variables, both individually and as a group, for a subset of 16 eagles (10 male and 6 female) during a 12-year period. This smaller group of eagles ranged in age between 2 and 20 years at the start of the study period, and between 14 and 32 years (21.9 ± 5.0, mean ± SD) at the end of the study period. Significant increases with age within the group of 16 eagles were observed only for red blood cells, percent heterophils, total protein, and β-globulin protein fraction, while albumin:globulin decreased significantly with age. A low IoI (≥1.4) was determined for all hematologic and biochemical variables except γ globulins, which had high IoI (≤0.6) for 3 individuals within the subset of 16.
KW - avian
KW - bald eagle
KW - electrophoresis
KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus
KW - hematology
KW - index of individuality
KW - plasma biochemistry
KW - raptors
KW - reference interval
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U2 - 10.1647/2013-001
DO - 10.1647/2013-001
M3 - Article
C2 - 25115040
AN - SCOPUS:84902676904
VL - 28
SP - 118
EP - 126
JO - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
JF - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
SN - 1082-6742
IS - 2
ER -