TY - JOUR
T1 - Real world sedentary behavior and activity levels in patients with schizophrenia and controls
T2 - An ecological momentary assessment study
AU - Strassnig, Martin T.
AU - Harvey, Philip D.
AU - Miller, Michelle L.
AU - Depp, Colin A.
AU - Granholm, Eric
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs , Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development , Clinical Science Research and Development (Merit Review Grant 1I01CX000810: “Ecological Momentary Assessment of Functioning in Schizophrenia” to the senior author).
Funding Information:
Our study has limitations that need mention. Forty-one percent of the controls, primarily recruited from ads in a local free newspaper, were unemployed. This may have led to a relative over-sampling of lower functioning control which would tend to decrease differences between groups. The patient sample in this study was also somewhat older than typical schizophrenia samples, which may have contributed to some effects on activity level, although patients and controls were of comparable age. The study was funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, resulting in a larger proportion of Veterans in both groups than is typical of schizophrenia research, which may limit generalization. There is an issue of causal direction in the study, in that participants who are unemployed may not have the financial resources to travel extensively outside the home. The generally elevated prevalence of never being married could also increase the chances for sitting alone, rather than with another person, but this factor would not seem to be directly related to using a computer less than healthy people.He also has other research support from The Stanley Medical Research Foundation and Takeda.This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Clinical Science Research and Development (Merit Review Grant 1I01CX000810: “Ecological Momentary Assessment of Functioning in Schizophrenia” to the senior author).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: People with schizophrenia often experience poor health, leading to shortened lifespans. The health of people with schizophrenia may be further exacerbated by increased sedentary behavior, which independently predicts health risk in the general population. However, the prevalence and patterns of objectively measured sedentary behavior in schizophrenia have not been studied extensively on a momentary basis. Methods: Activity of 100 patients with schizophrenia was compared to that of healthy controls (HC; n = 71) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). EMA provides real-time, real-world monitoring of behavior. We sampled behavior seven times per day for seven days, quantifying active versus inactive behaviors and four different movement patterns (recumbent, seated, standing, and moving). Due to different employment rates between samples, we focused on surveys completed at home. Results: Four of the five most commonly reported activities for participants with schizophrenia involved sitting or lying down. When considering activity during the last hour, participants with schizophrenia were more likely to be sitting or pacing and less likely to be standing than HC. If participants with schizophrenia only did one thing in the last hour, it was more likely to involve sitting and less likely to involve standing compared to HC. Discussion: People with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to be seated and less likely to be standing or active during the past hour than HC, despite high frequencies of seated behaviors in the HC as well. The adverse health consequences of sitting for extended periods may be especially relevant for people with schizophrenia and likely contribute to premature mortality in this population.
AB - Background: People with schizophrenia often experience poor health, leading to shortened lifespans. The health of people with schizophrenia may be further exacerbated by increased sedentary behavior, which independently predicts health risk in the general population. However, the prevalence and patterns of objectively measured sedentary behavior in schizophrenia have not been studied extensively on a momentary basis. Methods: Activity of 100 patients with schizophrenia was compared to that of healthy controls (HC; n = 71) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). EMA provides real-time, real-world monitoring of behavior. We sampled behavior seven times per day for seven days, quantifying active versus inactive behaviors and four different movement patterns (recumbent, seated, standing, and moving). Due to different employment rates between samples, we focused on surveys completed at home. Results: Four of the five most commonly reported activities for participants with schizophrenia involved sitting or lying down. When considering activity during the last hour, participants with schizophrenia were more likely to be sitting or pacing and less likely to be standing than HC. If participants with schizophrenia only did one thing in the last hour, it was more likely to involve sitting and less likely to involve standing compared to HC. Discussion: People with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to be seated and less likely to be standing or active during the past hour than HC, despite high frequencies of seated behaviors in the HC as well. The adverse health consequences of sitting for extended periods may be especially relevant for people with schizophrenia and likely contribute to premature mortality in this population.
KW - Ecological momentary assessment
KW - Everyday activities
KW - Experience sampling method
KW - Physical health
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Sedentary behavior
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100364
DO - 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100364
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85096507126
VL - 20
JO - Mental Health and Physical Activity
JF - Mental Health and Physical Activity
SN - 1755-2966
M1 - 100364
ER -