Abstract
Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 509-518 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Pediatric Surgery International |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 23 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Neonatal intensive care unit
- Pathophysiology
- Pediatric surgery
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Surgery
Cite this
Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. / Lim, Joanna C.; Golden, Jamie M.; Ford, Henri.
In: Pediatric Surgery International, Vol. 31, No. 6, 23.04.2015, p. 509-518.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
AU - Lim, Joanna C.
AU - Golden, Jamie M.
AU - Ford, Henri
PY - 2015/4/23
Y1 - 2015/4/23
N2 - Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC.
AB - Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC.
KW - Necrotizing enterocolitis
KW - Neonatal intensive care unit
KW - Pathophysiology
KW - Pediatric surgery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937761055&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84937761055&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00383-015-3697-9
DO - 10.1007/s00383-015-3697-9
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25854935
AN - SCOPUS:84937761055
VL - 31
SP - 509
EP - 518
JO - Pediatric Surgery International
JF - Pediatric Surgery International
SN - 0179-0358
IS - 6
ER -