Abstract
Measurements of velocity of oceanic currents are crucial for evaluating heat and mass transport, monitoring ocean dynamics, and understanding the ocean's role in climate. Reciprocal transmissions of acoustic signals provide a way to measure path-averaged current velocity in the ocean with high temporal resolution, on a large scale, and over extended periods of time. This approach is based on measurements of acoustic nonreciprocity, which is defined as differences between travel times or other acoustic quantities corresponding to sound propagation in opposite directions between two points. Acoustic nonreciprocity, which vanishes in motionless media, is a direct, sensitive measure of fluid motion, and is insensitive to uncertainties in the sound speed field and geometry of the experiment. The use of active reciprocal transmissions for ocean remote sensing applications is limited by capital and operational costs associated with low-frequency acoustic sources as well as concerns about potential impacts of transmissions on marine life. Underwater acoustic noise interferometry offers an alternative to active remote sensing by replacing probing signals generated by a dedicated source with two-point cross-correlations of diffuse ambient noise. Theory predicts that the cross-correlation function of diffuse noise measured at two locations in a generic inhomogeneous moving medium results in approximations to Green's functions describing sound propagation in opposite directions between the two measurement points; positive and negative lags correspond to propagation in opposite directions. Thus, two-point correlation functions allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic nonreciprocity. In this paper, we use the data obtained in a noise interferometry experiment in the Straits of Florida to investigate the feasibility of passive remote sensing of currents in the ocean. We present the first experimental demonstration that acoustic nonreciprocity induced by oceanic currents can be measured by noise interferometry and that the current velocity can be retrieved from the acoustic noise cross-correlations.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2015 |
| Publisher | International Institute of Acoustics and Vibrations |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9788888942483 |
| State | Published - 2015 |
| Event | 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2015 - Florence, Italy Duration: Jul 12 2015 → Jul 16 2015 |
Other
| Other | 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2015 |
|---|---|
| Country | Italy |
| City | Florence |
| Period | 7/12/15 → 7/16/15 |
Fingerprint
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Cite this
Passive acoustic Measurements of flow velocity in the ocean. / Godin, Oleg A.; Brown, Michael G; Williams, Neil J.; Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Zabotina, Liudmila Y.
22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2015. International Institute of Acoustics and Vibrations, 2015.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
}
TY - GEN
T1 - Passive acoustic Measurements of flow velocity in the ocean
AU - Godin, Oleg A.
AU - Brown, Michael G
AU - Williams, Neil J.
AU - Zabotin, Nikolay A.
AU - Zabotina, Liudmila Y.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Measurements of velocity of oceanic currents are crucial for evaluating heat and mass transport, monitoring ocean dynamics, and understanding the ocean's role in climate. Reciprocal transmissions of acoustic signals provide a way to measure path-averaged current velocity in the ocean with high temporal resolution, on a large scale, and over extended periods of time. This approach is based on measurements of acoustic nonreciprocity, which is defined as differences between travel times or other acoustic quantities corresponding to sound propagation in opposite directions between two points. Acoustic nonreciprocity, which vanishes in motionless media, is a direct, sensitive measure of fluid motion, and is insensitive to uncertainties in the sound speed field and geometry of the experiment. The use of active reciprocal transmissions for ocean remote sensing applications is limited by capital and operational costs associated with low-frequency acoustic sources as well as concerns about potential impacts of transmissions on marine life. Underwater acoustic noise interferometry offers an alternative to active remote sensing by replacing probing signals generated by a dedicated source with two-point cross-correlations of diffuse ambient noise. Theory predicts that the cross-correlation function of diffuse noise measured at two locations in a generic inhomogeneous moving medium results in approximations to Green's functions describing sound propagation in opposite directions between the two measurement points; positive and negative lags correspond to propagation in opposite directions. Thus, two-point correlation functions allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic nonreciprocity. In this paper, we use the data obtained in a noise interferometry experiment in the Straits of Florida to investigate the feasibility of passive remote sensing of currents in the ocean. We present the first experimental demonstration that acoustic nonreciprocity induced by oceanic currents can be measured by noise interferometry and that the current velocity can be retrieved from the acoustic noise cross-correlations.
AB - Measurements of velocity of oceanic currents are crucial for evaluating heat and mass transport, monitoring ocean dynamics, and understanding the ocean's role in climate. Reciprocal transmissions of acoustic signals provide a way to measure path-averaged current velocity in the ocean with high temporal resolution, on a large scale, and over extended periods of time. This approach is based on measurements of acoustic nonreciprocity, which is defined as differences between travel times or other acoustic quantities corresponding to sound propagation in opposite directions between two points. Acoustic nonreciprocity, which vanishes in motionless media, is a direct, sensitive measure of fluid motion, and is insensitive to uncertainties in the sound speed field and geometry of the experiment. The use of active reciprocal transmissions for ocean remote sensing applications is limited by capital and operational costs associated with low-frequency acoustic sources as well as concerns about potential impacts of transmissions on marine life. Underwater acoustic noise interferometry offers an alternative to active remote sensing by replacing probing signals generated by a dedicated source with two-point cross-correlations of diffuse ambient noise. Theory predicts that the cross-correlation function of diffuse noise measured at two locations in a generic inhomogeneous moving medium results in approximations to Green's functions describing sound propagation in opposite directions between the two measurement points; positive and negative lags correspond to propagation in opposite directions. Thus, two-point correlation functions allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic nonreciprocity. In this paper, we use the data obtained in a noise interferometry experiment in the Straits of Florida to investigate the feasibility of passive remote sensing of currents in the ocean. We present the first experimental demonstration that acoustic nonreciprocity induced by oceanic currents can be measured by noise interferometry and that the current velocity can be retrieved from the acoustic noise cross-correlations.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84971232284&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84971232284&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Conference contribution
BT - 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2015
PB - International Institute of Acoustics and Vibrations
ER -