TY - JOUR
T1 - Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone formation and resorption in organ culture
T2 - Evidence for a coupling mechanism
AU - Howard, G. A.
AU - Bottemiller, B. L.
AU - Turner, R. T.
AU - Rader, J. I.
AU - Baylink, D. J.
PY - 1981
Y1 - 1981
N2 - We have developed an in vitro system, using embryonic chicken tibiae grown in a serum-free medium, which exhibits simultaneous bone formation and resorption. Tibiae from 8-day embryos increased in mean (±SD) length (4.0±0.4 to 11.0±0.3 mm) and dry weight (0.30±0.04 to 0.84±0.04 mg) during 12 days in vitro. There was increased incorporation of [ 3H]proline into hydroxyproline (120 ± 20 to 340 ± 20 cpm/mg of bone per 24 hr) as a measure of collagen synthesis, as well as 62 ± 5% increase in total calcium and 45Ca taken up as an indication of active mineralization. A physiologic concentration (1 pM) of parathyroid hormone was found to stimulate bone resorption over control levels in this system. Parathyroid hormone stimulated the release of [ 3H]hydroxyproline from the bone shafts but not from the cartilage ends, indicating the specificity of the response. With 1 pM parathyroid hormone we observed an acute inhibition of bone formation, followed (after 12-16 hr) by a chronic stimulation of bone formation during the 12-day incubation. Both mineral uptake and matrix formation were enhanced at approximately the same rate during the 12-day incubation. The chronic enhancement of formation required parathyroid hormone only for the initial 8-10 hr of incubation. These results could be explained by the production or release of a factor from bone to stimulate formation in response to the acute increase in resorption - a 'coupling factor'. Indeed, dialyzed culture medium conditioned by actively resorbing bones stimulated bone formation over controls when added to organ cultures at a 1:20 dilution. The factor is larger than 12,000 daltons as determined by dialysis. The factor is specific for the bone shaft and did not affect the cartilage ends.
AB - We have developed an in vitro system, using embryonic chicken tibiae grown in a serum-free medium, which exhibits simultaneous bone formation and resorption. Tibiae from 8-day embryos increased in mean (±SD) length (4.0±0.4 to 11.0±0.3 mm) and dry weight (0.30±0.04 to 0.84±0.04 mg) during 12 days in vitro. There was increased incorporation of [ 3H]proline into hydroxyproline (120 ± 20 to 340 ± 20 cpm/mg of bone per 24 hr) as a measure of collagen synthesis, as well as 62 ± 5% increase in total calcium and 45Ca taken up as an indication of active mineralization. A physiologic concentration (1 pM) of parathyroid hormone was found to stimulate bone resorption over control levels in this system. Parathyroid hormone stimulated the release of [ 3H]hydroxyproline from the bone shafts but not from the cartilage ends, indicating the specificity of the response. With 1 pM parathyroid hormone we observed an acute inhibition of bone formation, followed (after 12-16 hr) by a chronic stimulation of bone formation during the 12-day incubation. Both mineral uptake and matrix formation were enhanced at approximately the same rate during the 12-day incubation. The chronic enhancement of formation required parathyroid hormone only for the initial 8-10 hr of incubation. These results could be explained by the production or release of a factor from bone to stimulate formation in response to the acute increase in resorption - a 'coupling factor'. Indeed, dialyzed culture medium conditioned by actively resorbing bones stimulated bone formation over controls when added to organ cultures at a 1:20 dilution. The factor is larger than 12,000 daltons as determined by dialysis. The factor is specific for the bone shaft and did not affect the cartilage ends.
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3204
DO - 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3204
M3 - Article
C2 - 6942425
AN - SCOPUS:0019401942
VL - 78
SP - 3204
EP - 3208
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
SN - 0027-8424
IS - 5 I
ER -