Abstract
Nano-scale emulsification has long been utilized by the food and cosmetics industry to maximize material delivery through increased surface area to volume ratios. More recently, these methods have been employed in the area of biomedical research to enhance and control the delivery of desired agents, as in perfluorocarbon emulsions for oxygen delivery. In this work, we evaluate critical factors for the optimization of PFC emulsions for use in cell-based applications. Cytotoxicity screening revealed minimal cytotoxicity of components, with the exception of one perfluorocarbon utilized for emulsion manufacture, perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB), and specific w% limitations of PEG-based surfactants utilized. We optimized the manufacture of stable nano-scale emulsions via evaluation of: component materials, emulsification time and pressure, and resulting particle size and temporal stability. The initial emulsion size was greatly dependent upon the emulsion surfactant tested, with pluronics providing the smallest size. Temporal stability of the nano-scale emulsions was directly related to the perfluorocarbon utilized, with perfluorotributylamine, FC-43, providing a highly stable emulsion, while perfluorodecalin, PFD, coalesced over time. The oxygen mass transfer, or diffusive permeability, of the resulting emulsions was also characterized. Our studies found particle size to be the critical factor affecting oxygen mass transfer, as increased micelle size resulted in reduced oxygen diffusion. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of accurate characterization of emulsification parameters in order to generate stable, reproducible emulsions with the desired bio-delivery properties.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 26-35 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces |
| Volume | 98 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 1 2012 |
Fingerprint
Keywords
- Biomaterials
- Emulsion
- Oxygen
- Perfluorocarbon
- Surfactant
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biotechnology
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Surfaces and Interfaces
Cite this
Optimization of perfluoro nano-scale emulsions : The importance of particle size for enhanced oxygen transfer in biomedical applications. / Fraker, Christopher; Mendez, Armando J; Inverardi, Luca A; Ricordi, Camillo; Stabler, Cherie L.
In: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 98, 01.10.2012, p. 26-35.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimization of perfluoro nano-scale emulsions
T2 - The importance of particle size for enhanced oxygen transfer in biomedical applications
AU - Fraker, Christopher
AU - Mendez, Armando J
AU - Inverardi, Luca A
AU - Ricordi, Camillo
AU - Stabler, Cherie L.
PY - 2012/10/1
Y1 - 2012/10/1
N2 - Nano-scale emulsification has long been utilized by the food and cosmetics industry to maximize material delivery through increased surface area to volume ratios. More recently, these methods have been employed in the area of biomedical research to enhance and control the delivery of desired agents, as in perfluorocarbon emulsions for oxygen delivery. In this work, we evaluate critical factors for the optimization of PFC emulsions for use in cell-based applications. Cytotoxicity screening revealed minimal cytotoxicity of components, with the exception of one perfluorocarbon utilized for emulsion manufacture, perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB), and specific w% limitations of PEG-based surfactants utilized. We optimized the manufacture of stable nano-scale emulsions via evaluation of: component materials, emulsification time and pressure, and resulting particle size and temporal stability. The initial emulsion size was greatly dependent upon the emulsion surfactant tested, with pluronics providing the smallest size. Temporal stability of the nano-scale emulsions was directly related to the perfluorocarbon utilized, with perfluorotributylamine, FC-43, providing a highly stable emulsion, while perfluorodecalin, PFD, coalesced over time. The oxygen mass transfer, or diffusive permeability, of the resulting emulsions was also characterized. Our studies found particle size to be the critical factor affecting oxygen mass transfer, as increased micelle size resulted in reduced oxygen diffusion. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of accurate characterization of emulsification parameters in order to generate stable, reproducible emulsions with the desired bio-delivery properties.
AB - Nano-scale emulsification has long been utilized by the food and cosmetics industry to maximize material delivery through increased surface area to volume ratios. More recently, these methods have been employed in the area of biomedical research to enhance and control the delivery of desired agents, as in perfluorocarbon emulsions for oxygen delivery. In this work, we evaluate critical factors for the optimization of PFC emulsions for use in cell-based applications. Cytotoxicity screening revealed minimal cytotoxicity of components, with the exception of one perfluorocarbon utilized for emulsion manufacture, perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB), and specific w% limitations of PEG-based surfactants utilized. We optimized the manufacture of stable nano-scale emulsions via evaluation of: component materials, emulsification time and pressure, and resulting particle size and temporal stability. The initial emulsion size was greatly dependent upon the emulsion surfactant tested, with pluronics providing the smallest size. Temporal stability of the nano-scale emulsions was directly related to the perfluorocarbon utilized, with perfluorotributylamine, FC-43, providing a highly stable emulsion, while perfluorodecalin, PFD, coalesced over time. The oxygen mass transfer, or diffusive permeability, of the resulting emulsions was also characterized. Our studies found particle size to be the critical factor affecting oxygen mass transfer, as increased micelle size resulted in reduced oxygen diffusion. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of accurate characterization of emulsification parameters in order to generate stable, reproducible emulsions with the desired bio-delivery properties.
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Emulsion
KW - Oxygen
KW - Perfluorocarbon
KW - Surfactant
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84861464965&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84861464965&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.011
DO - 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 22652356
AN - SCOPUS:84861464965
VL - 98
SP - 26
EP - 35
JO - Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
JF - Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
SN - 0927-7765
ER -