TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel targets for antidepressant therapies
AU - Holtzheimer, Paul E.
AU - Nemeroff, Charles B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health grants MH-58922, MH-42088, MH-69056, and MH-77083 (to Dr. Nemeroff) and MH-77869 (to Dr. Holtzheimer), the National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program (Dr. Holtzheimer), and NARSAD (Dr. Holtzheimer).
Funding Information:
Dr. Holtzheimer is supported by grants from the Dana Foundation, NARSAD, National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH-077869), National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program, Stanley Medical Research Institute, and the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. He serves as a consultant to Advanced Neuromodulation Systems (a division of St. Jude Medical) and has previously consulted for Tetragenex Pharmaceuticals and AstraZen-eca Pharmaceuticals.
Funding Information:
Dr. Nemeroff is supported by National Institutes of Health grants MH-77083, MH-69056, MH-58922, MH-39415, MH-42088, MH-080880, and MH-07776. He serves on the scientific advisory boards of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, NARSAD, Quintiles Transnational, Janssen/Ortho-McNeil, and PharmaNeuroBoost; holds stock/equity in Corcept Therapeutics, Revaax Pharmaceuticals, NovaDel Pharma, CeNeRx BioPharma, and PharmaNeuroBoost; and serves on the board of directors of the AFSP, George West Mental Health Foundation, NovaDel Pharma, and Mt Cook Pharma. He holds a patent on the method and devices for transdermal delivery of lithium (US 6,375,990 B1) and the method to estimate serotonin and norepinephrine transporter occupancy after drug treatment using patient or animal serum (provisional filing, April 2001). He also previously served on the scientific advisory board for Forest Laboratories, received grant support from NARSAD and the AFSP, and served on the board of directors for the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Most depressed patients fail to achieve remission despite adequate antidepressant monotherapy, and a substantial minority show minimal improvement despite optimal and aggressive therapy. However, major advances have taken place in elucidating the neurobiology of depression, and several novel targets for antidepressant therapy have emerged. Three primary approaches are currently being taken: 1) optimizing the pharmacologic modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission, 2) developing medications that target neurotransmitter systems other than the monoamines, and 3) directly modulating neuronal activity via focal brain stimulation. We review novel therapeutic targets for developing improved antidepressant therapies, including triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotic augmentation, dopamine receptor agonists, corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, substance P receptor antagonists,N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, nemifitide, omega-3 fatty acids, and melatonin receptor agonists. Developments in therapeutic focal brain stimulation include vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.
AB - Most depressed patients fail to achieve remission despite adequate antidepressant monotherapy, and a substantial minority show minimal improvement despite optimal and aggressive therapy. However, major advances have taken place in elucidating the neurobiology of depression, and several novel targets for antidepressant therapy have emerged. Three primary approaches are currently being taken: 1) optimizing the pharmacologic modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission, 2) developing medications that target neurotransmitter systems other than the monoamines, and 3) directly modulating neuronal activity via focal brain stimulation. We review novel therapeutic targets for developing improved antidepressant therapies, including triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotic augmentation, dopamine receptor agonists, corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, substance P receptor antagonists,N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, nemifitide, omega-3 fatty acids, and melatonin receptor agonists. Developments in therapeutic focal brain stimulation include vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=58449114465&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=58449114465&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11920-008-0075-5
DO - 10.1007/s11920-008-0075-5
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18980729
AN - SCOPUS:58449114465
VL - 10
SP - 465
EP - 473
JO - Current Psychiatry Reports
JF - Current Psychiatry Reports
SN - 1523-3812
IS - 6
ER -