TY - JOUR
T1 - Neural Correlates of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease
T2 - An Electrophysiology Mini-Review
AU - Marquez, J. Sebastian
AU - Hasan, S. M.Shafiul
AU - Siddiquee, Masudur R.
AU - Luca, Corneliu C.
AU - Mishra, Virendra R.
AU - Mari, Zoltan
AU - Bai, Ou
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was partly supported by NSF HRD 1810974, NSF CNS 1552163, and by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM109025, and Philanthropic Funds from the Elaine P. Wynn and Family Foundation, Lynn and William Weidner Fund, and The Keep Memory Alive (KMA) Young Scientist Award.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Marquez, Hasan, Siddiquee, Luca, Mishra, Mari and Bai.
PY - 2020/11/10
Y1 - 2020/11/10
N2 - Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.
AB - Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.
KW - Parkinson's disease (PD)
KW - cortical
KW - electrophysiology
KW - freezing of gait (FoG)
KW - subcortical
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096634239&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85096634239&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fneur.2020.571086
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2020.571086
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85096634239
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
JF - Frontiers in Neurology
SN - 1664-2295
M1 - 571086
ER -