TY - JOUR
T1 - Natural and anthropogenic sources of bromoform and dibromomethane in the oceanographic and biogeochemical regime of the subtropical North East Atlantic
AU - Mehlmann, Melina
AU - Quack, Birgit
AU - Atlas, Elliot
AU - Hepach, Helmke
AU - Tegtmeier, Susann
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Review Panel German Research Vessels (Gutach-terpanel Forschungsschiffe, GPF) for granting the ships time for POS533. We thank the GEOMAR for partial funding of the research cruise (Grant: EP533). Many thanks to Captain Günther and his crew, who have responded courteously to our requests and supported our shared travel success, as well as to Klas Lackschewitz and the involved representations and countries for the diplomatic clearances. Many thanks to Rene Witt from GEOMAR , Rui Salgado from the University of Evora and Rui Caldeira from the Oceanic Observatory of Madeira for helping with the set up and provision of important equipment. Also thanks to the Ocean Science Center Mindelo, who provided the necessary liquid nitrogen in time for the cruise. We very much thank Cátia Azevedo, Claudio Cardoso, Ricardo Faria and Jesus Reis from the Oceanic Observatory of Madeira for the exhaustive CTD-deployments, and Magdalena Santana-Casiano and Melchor González-Dávila from the University of Las Palmas for the Winkler titration data, which we used to calibrate the oxygen sensors. We also thank Corinne Almeida from the University of Cape Verde for the biological samplings. And last but not least we thank Gerd Krahman from GEOMAR for the evaluation of the CTD-proles, Manfred Kaufmann from Fun-chal for help with the ecosystem-description and three reviewers for their constructive criticism on the paper. This study was carried out in cooperation with the Emmy-Noethergroup AVeSH (A new threat to the stratospheric ozone layer from Anthropogenic Very Short-lived Halocarbons) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinscha (DFG, German Research Foundation TE 1134/1). We thank the NASA UARP grant NNX17AE43G for support of the air sampling research.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - The organic bromine compounds bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) influence tropospheric chemistry and stratospheric ozone depletion. Their atmospheric abundance is generally related to a common marine source, which is not well characterized. A cruise between the three Macaroenesian Archipelagos of Cape Verde, the Canaries and Madeira revealed that anthropogenic sources increased oceanic CHBr3 emissions significantly close to some islands, especially at the Canaries, while heterotrophic processes in the ocean increased the flux of CH2Br2 from the sea to the atmosphere in the Cape Verde region. As anthropogenic disinfection processes, which release CHBr3 in coastal areas increase, and as more CH2Br2 may be produced from increased heterotrophy in a warming, deoxygenated ocean, both sources could supply higher fractions of stratospheric bromine in the future, with yet unknown consequences for stratospheric ozone.
AB - The organic bromine compounds bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) influence tropospheric chemistry and stratospheric ozone depletion. Their atmospheric abundance is generally related to a common marine source, which is not well characterized. A cruise between the three Macaroenesian Archipelagos of Cape Verde, the Canaries and Madeira revealed that anthropogenic sources increased oceanic CHBr3 emissions significantly close to some islands, especially at the Canaries, while heterotrophic processes in the ocean increased the flux of CH2Br2 from the sea to the atmosphere in the Cape Verde region. As anthropogenic disinfection processes, which release CHBr3 in coastal areas increase, and as more CH2Br2 may be produced from increased heterotrophy in a warming, deoxygenated ocean, both sources could supply higher fractions of stratospheric bromine in the future, with yet unknown consequences for stratospheric ozone.
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U2 - 10.1039/c9em00599d
DO - 10.1039/c9em00599d
M3 - Article
C2 - 32163052
AN - SCOPUS:85082561758
VL - 22
SP - 679
EP - 707
JO - Environmental Sciences: Processes and Impacts
JF - Environmental Sciences: Processes and Impacts
SN - 2050-7887
IS - 3
ER -