TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling vertical oxygen and carbon flux during stratified spring and summer conditions on the continental shelf, Middle Atlantic Bight, eastern U.S.A.
AU - Kemp, P. F.
AU - Falkowski, P. G.
AU - Flagg, C. N.
AU - Phoel, W. C.
AU - Smith, S. L.
AU - Wallace, D. W.R.
AU - Wirick, C. D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements--Authors are listed alphabetically after the senior author. Individual contributions included: P. F. Kemp, microbial processes, final model program and simulations, manuscript preparation; P. G. Falkowski, primary production; C. Flagg, original program source code and parameterizations, hydrographic data, zooplankton biomass; W. Phoel, benthic oxygen consumption; S. Smith, zooplankton biomass and grazing; D. W. R. Wallace, CFC model, air-sea exchange parameterization, moored sensor calibration, CTD oxygen; C. D. Wirick, moored sensor deployment, sensor data analysis and interpretation. S. Fromm compiled benthic oxygen consumption data and provided a data subset. Field and laboratory technical assistance was provided by W. Behrens, P. Lane, W. Medieros, R. Wilke, C. Wilson and K. Wyman. Research and manuscript preparation was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76CH00016.
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - The Shelf Edge Exchange Processes II (SEEP-II) program was designed to examine the potential for export of organic carbon from the continental shelf to the deeper ocean. In the Middle Atlantic Bight of the east coast, U.S.A., a "cold pool" of relict winter water is isolated by the development of a strong seasonal thermocline on the shelf. Oxygen concentrations were monitored in and above the cold pool from March 1988 to May 1989, with electrodes moored at 19 and 38 m at a 42-m station off the Delmarva Peninsula, eastern U.S.A. An oxygen-flux simulation model was constructed to describe long-term changes in oxygen concentration and saturation. The model utilized biological rate and biomass measurements obtained at the mooring location during cruises. Vertical eddy diffusion was constrained by comparison with the redistribution of chlorofluorocarbons and heat after stratification, and by sensitivity analyses. Model predictions of the average daily change in oxygen concentration and saturation at 38 m were in good agreement with average changes recorded by moored oxygen sensors, when biological generation of oxygen was approximately equal to the thermotrophic consumption. Strong, but transient, fluctuations concentration and saturation were clearly associated with specific advective events, and had little lasting impact on the overall long-term trends. Consequently, model parameters derived from intermittent, cruise-based observations yielded satisfactory predictions of long-term trends. A carbon budget was constructed for the stratified summer period from data that largely overlapped with those used for the oxygen model. The continental shelf ecosystem operates in approximate balance during the summer, with a potential export of no more than 4% of primary production.
AB - The Shelf Edge Exchange Processes II (SEEP-II) program was designed to examine the potential for export of organic carbon from the continental shelf to the deeper ocean. In the Middle Atlantic Bight of the east coast, U.S.A., a "cold pool" of relict winter water is isolated by the development of a strong seasonal thermocline on the shelf. Oxygen concentrations were monitored in and above the cold pool from March 1988 to May 1989, with electrodes moored at 19 and 38 m at a 42-m station off the Delmarva Peninsula, eastern U.S.A. An oxygen-flux simulation model was constructed to describe long-term changes in oxygen concentration and saturation. The model utilized biological rate and biomass measurements obtained at the mooring location during cruises. Vertical eddy diffusion was constrained by comparison with the redistribution of chlorofluorocarbons and heat after stratification, and by sensitivity analyses. Model predictions of the average daily change in oxygen concentration and saturation at 38 m were in good agreement with average changes recorded by moored oxygen sensors, when biological generation of oxygen was approximately equal to the thermotrophic consumption. Strong, but transient, fluctuations concentration and saturation were clearly associated with specific advective events, and had little lasting impact on the overall long-term trends. Consequently, model parameters derived from intermittent, cruise-based observations yielded satisfactory predictions of long-term trends. A carbon budget was constructed for the stratified summer period from data that largely overlapped with those used for the oxygen model. The continental shelf ecosystem operates in approximate balance during the summer, with a potential export of no more than 4% of primary production.
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U2 - 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90038-8
DO - 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90038-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0028593070
VL - 41
SP - 629
EP - 655
JO - Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
JF - Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
SN - 0967-0645
IS - 2-3
ER -