TY - JOUR
T1 - Metformin derived carbon dots
T2 - Highly biocompatible fluorescent nanomaterials as mitochondrial targeting and blood-brain barrier penetrating biomarkers
AU - Kirbas Cilingir, Emel
AU - Seven, Elif S.
AU - Zhou, Yiqun
AU - Walters, Brian M.
AU - Mintz, Keenan J.
AU - Pandey, Raja R.
AU - Wikramanayake, Athula H.
AU - Chusuei, Charles C.
AU - Vanni, Steven
AU - Graham, Regina M.
AU - Leblanc, Roger M.
N1 - Funding Information:
R. M. L. thanks the support from National Science Foundation under the grant 1809060 and 2041413. Also, authors gratefully acknowledge the great support from University of Miami, USA. R.G. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Mystic Force Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/6/15
Y1 - 2021/6/15
N2 - Carbon dots (CDs) have been intensively studied since their discovery in 2004 because of their unique properties such as low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, high photoluminescence (PL) and good water dispersibility. In this study metformin derived carbon dots (Met-CDs) were synthesized using a microwave assisted method. Met-CDs were meticulously characterized using ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV–vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force (AFM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. According to results of cytotoxicity studies, Met-CDs possess low-toxicity and excellent biocompatibility towards both non-tumor and tumor cell lines indicating that Met-CDs are outstanding candidates for living cell bioimaging studies. Furthermore, bioimaging studies have displayed that Met-CDs can penetrate the cell membrane and disperse throughout the cell structure including the nucleus and mitochondria. More specifically, Met-CDs tend to start localizing selectively inside the mitochondria of cancer cells, but not of non-tumor cells after 1 h of incubation. Finally, a zebrafish study confirmed that Met-CDs cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without the need of any other ligands. In summary, this study presents synthesis of Met-CDs which feature abilities such as mitochondrial and nucleus localizations along with BBB penetration.
AB - Carbon dots (CDs) have been intensively studied since their discovery in 2004 because of their unique properties such as low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, high photoluminescence (PL) and good water dispersibility. In this study metformin derived carbon dots (Met-CDs) were synthesized using a microwave assisted method. Met-CDs were meticulously characterized using ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV–vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force (AFM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. According to results of cytotoxicity studies, Met-CDs possess low-toxicity and excellent biocompatibility towards both non-tumor and tumor cell lines indicating that Met-CDs are outstanding candidates for living cell bioimaging studies. Furthermore, bioimaging studies have displayed that Met-CDs can penetrate the cell membrane and disperse throughout the cell structure including the nucleus and mitochondria. More specifically, Met-CDs tend to start localizing selectively inside the mitochondria of cancer cells, but not of non-tumor cells after 1 h of incubation. Finally, a zebrafish study confirmed that Met-CDs cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without the need of any other ligands. In summary, this study presents synthesis of Met-CDs which feature abilities such as mitochondrial and nucleus localizations along with BBB penetration.
KW - BBB penetration
KW - Bioimaging
KW - Biomarker
KW - Met-CDs
KW - Mitochondrial and nucleus targeting
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.058
DO - 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.058
M3 - Article
C2 - 33714764
AN - SCOPUS:85102239827
VL - 592
SP - 485
EP - 497
JO - Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
JF - Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
SN - 0021-9797
ER -