TY - JOUR
T1 - Liposome-delivered ATP effectively protects the retina against ischemia-reperfusion injury
AU - Dvoriantchikova, Galina
AU - Barakat, David J.
AU - Hernandez, Eleut
AU - Shestopalov, Valery I.
AU - Ivanov, Dmitry
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Purpose: We investigated the effect of ATP (ATP) encapsulated in liposomes (ATP-liposomes) on the level of inflammation and neuronal death in the retina induced by ischemia reperfusion (IR). Methods: Primary retinal ganglion cells treated with ATP-liposomes, empty liposomes, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD) for 6 h in vitro, in an anaerobic chamber. Plates were assessed for the proportion of necrotic versus apoptotic cells and for cell survival 12 h after OGD. For in vivo experiments, we induced retinal ischemia by unilateral elevation of intraocular pressure for 1 h by direct corneal canulation. Mice were injected with liposomes or PBS 24 h before IR, at the time of surgery, and every 24 h until sacrifice. Transmission electron microscopic analysis was used to identify necrotic and apoptotic cells in ischemic retinas. The changes in expression of pro-inflammatory genes 24 h post reperfusion were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Corresponding changes in protein abundances were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cell death was evaluated by direct counting of neurons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of flatmounted retinas 7 days post reperfusion. Results: Treatment with ATP-liposomes increases retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and decreases necrotic cell death following OGD. Injection of ATP-liposomes markedly decreased necrotic cell death in the GCL following retinal ischemia. The ATP-liposome treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including that of interleukin 1β (Il1β), interleukin 6 (Il6), tumor necrosis factor (Thf), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Ccl5), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam1), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), in the retina 24 h after IR and significantly reduced the GCL neuron death rate 7 days after reperfusion. Conclusions: ATP-liposome treatment of IR-challenged neural tissues suppressed necrosis and correlated with a significantly reduced level of inflammation and retinal damage.
AB - Purpose: We investigated the effect of ATP (ATP) encapsulated in liposomes (ATP-liposomes) on the level of inflammation and neuronal death in the retina induced by ischemia reperfusion (IR). Methods: Primary retinal ganglion cells treated with ATP-liposomes, empty liposomes, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD) for 6 h in vitro, in an anaerobic chamber. Plates were assessed for the proportion of necrotic versus apoptotic cells and for cell survival 12 h after OGD. For in vivo experiments, we induced retinal ischemia by unilateral elevation of intraocular pressure for 1 h by direct corneal canulation. Mice were injected with liposomes or PBS 24 h before IR, at the time of surgery, and every 24 h until sacrifice. Transmission electron microscopic analysis was used to identify necrotic and apoptotic cells in ischemic retinas. The changes in expression of pro-inflammatory genes 24 h post reperfusion were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Corresponding changes in protein abundances were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cell death was evaluated by direct counting of neurons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of flatmounted retinas 7 days post reperfusion. Results: Treatment with ATP-liposomes increases retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and decreases necrotic cell death following OGD. Injection of ATP-liposomes markedly decreased necrotic cell death in the GCL following retinal ischemia. The ATP-liposome treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including that of interleukin 1β (Il1β), interleukin 6 (Il6), tumor necrosis factor (Thf), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Ccl5), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam1), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), in the retina 24 h after IR and significantly reduced the GCL neuron death rate 7 days after reperfusion. Conclusions: ATP-liposome treatment of IR-challenged neural tissues suppressed necrosis and correlated with a significantly reduced level of inflammation and retinal damage.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 21203410
AN - SCOPUS:79551696358
VL - 16
SP - 2882
EP - 2890
JO - Molecular Vision
JF - Molecular Vision
SN - 1090-0535
ER -