Induction of epidermal growth factor-related polypeptides by 17β-estradiol in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

MCF-7 human breast cancer cells release polypeptides related to insulin-like growth actor-I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) into serum-free culture medium (CM). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 17β-estradiol, which is required in vivo for MCF-7 tumor growth in the nude mouse and stimulates the MCF-7 growth rate in vitro, resulted in selectively enhanced growth factor activities in CM. Autostimulatory growth-promoting activity was elevated at least 2-fold, and EGF-like polypeptides were elevated 5-fold but IGF-I immunoreactivity was not elevated. Several species of estrogen-induced receptor-reactive EGF-like polypeptides, suggestive of high molecular weight transforming growth factor α, were detected after gel exclusion chromatography of CM extracted with 1 M acetic acid. A 30,000 mol wt peak of EGF receptor competing activity comigrated with a peak of autostimulatory and fibroblast-transforming activity. It is possible that estradiol stimulation of MCF-7 growth and/or tumor formation may depend on induction of EGF-related polypeptide growth factors. EGF-I and EGF-related polypeptides may act together as autocrine or paracrine growth factors in breast cancer.