TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of antiretroviral drugs on the microbiome
T2 - Unknown answers to important questions
AU - Pinto-Cardoso, Sandra
AU - Klatt, Nichole R.
AU - Reyes-Terán, Gustavo
N1 - Funding Information:
S.P.C. and G.R.T. are supported by grants by the Mexican Government (Comisión de Equidad y Género de las Legislaturas LX-LXI and Comisión de Igualdad de Gén-ero de la Legislatura LXII de la H. Cámara de Diputados de la República Mexicana). N.R.K.’s microbiome studies are supported by NIH grants: NIDDK RO1DK112254, NIH/NIDA DP13A037979 and NIH/NIAID R01AI128782.
Funding Information:
NIH grants: NIDDK RO1DK112254, NIH/NIDA DP13A037979 and NIH/NIAID R01AI128782.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Purpose of review Little is known on how different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs affect the gut microbiome in HIV infection; and conflicting data exists on the effect of ARV drugs on residual inflammation/immune activation and microbial translocation. Recent findings Gut microbiome involvement in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV infection is increasingly being recognized. Various studies have shown that antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unable to restore gut health despite effective suppression of plasma HIV viremia. Indeed, the resolution of residual inflammation and gut microbial translocation is partial under ART. Very recent studies have provided new evidence that ARV combinations can differentially affect the gut microbiome, immune activation and microbial translocation. Furthermore, a recent article uncovered a link between drug metabolism and specific microbial species indicating that microbes can directly metabolically degrade ARV drugs when administered topically. Summary There are still many unanswered questions regarding ARVs and the gut microbiome. It is, therefore, critical for researchers to address the effect of distinct ARV drugs on the microbiome and vice versa: The effects of the microbiome on ARV drug metabolism, and speculate about possible therapeutic avenues.
AB - Purpose of review Little is known on how different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs affect the gut microbiome in HIV infection; and conflicting data exists on the effect of ARV drugs on residual inflammation/immune activation and microbial translocation. Recent findings Gut microbiome involvement in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV infection is increasingly being recognized. Various studies have shown that antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unable to restore gut health despite effective suppression of plasma HIV viremia. Indeed, the resolution of residual inflammation and gut microbial translocation is partial under ART. Very recent studies have provided new evidence that ARV combinations can differentially affect the gut microbiome, immune activation and microbial translocation. Furthermore, a recent article uncovered a link between drug metabolism and specific microbial species indicating that microbes can directly metabolically degrade ARV drugs when administered topically. Summary There are still many unanswered questions regarding ARVs and the gut microbiome. It is, therefore, critical for researchers to address the effect of distinct ARV drugs on the microbiome and vice versa: The effects of the microbiome on ARV drug metabolism, and speculate about possible therapeutic avenues.
KW - antimicrobial properties
KW - antiretroviral drugs
KW - butyrate-producing bacteria
KW - gut microbiome
KW - microbial dysbiosis
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U2 - 10.1097/COH.0000000000000428
DO - 10.1097/COH.0000000000000428
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29028667
AN - SCOPUS:85036645894
VL - 13
SP - 53
EP - 60
JO - Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
JF - Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
SN - 1746-630X
IS - 1
ER -