TY - JOUR
T1 - HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells of the normal human choroid plexus
T2 - A potential reservoir of HIV in the central nervous system
AU - Hanly, Andrew
AU - Petito, Carol Kaiser
N1 - Funding Information:
In a recent study, we found human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells in the choroid plexus (CPx) of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 1 The morphology of the HIV-infected cells in the CPx stroma suggested that they could be a component of the dendritic cell system of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cells play an important role in immune surveillance. They internalize foreign antigen and, in conjunction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, process and present it to naive T lymphocytes. 24 In addition, they express or secrete important co-stimulatory factors such as the CD28 receptor and interleukin-12, 5,6 which are required for effective T cell activation, including the transformation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing Thl lymphocytes. 7 The CPx lies within the cerebral ventricles and is the major producer of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).S The CPx may be an important site of the initial hematogenous dissemination of infectious agents, including free or intracellular viruses such as H1V. The gap junctions of its capillaries places it outside the blood-brain barrierg; apical endocytosis and intracellu- of Medicine, Miami, FL. Accepted for publication May 7, 1997. Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-NS27416 and R01-NS35331). Address correspondence and reprint requests to Carol IL Petito, MD, Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (RS), University of Miami School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Bldg, Rm 417, 1550 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136. Copyright © 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company 0046-8177/98/2901-001458.00/0
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - In a previous study of the choroid plexus from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the authors found a population of stromal cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine whether these represented antigen-presenting dendritic cells, the authors examined the phenotype of the normal human choroid plexus with light and electron microscopy and established the HIV-infected cell type with immunohistochemistry in patients with AIDS with an HIV-infected choroid plexus. Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect class II major histocompatibility antigens (MHCs), S-100 and S-lOO protein, lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophage markers, and HIV glycoprotein. A variable number of stromal cells had slightly elongated nuclei and long branching processes that were strongly immunoreactive for class II MHCs, rarely reactive for S-100 and S-100 protein, and immunonegative for monocyte/macrophage markers. Phagocytic activity was absent, as indicated by electron microscopy and immunomarkers. They were numerous in the subepithelial region, and their processes occasionally extended toward the stromal capillaries or between the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. The HIVinfected cells were intensely immunoreactive for class II MHC markers and often displayed a dendritic morphology. These results document the presence of dendritic cells in the normal human choroid plexus whose morphology and immunophenotype closely resemble those of dendritic cells elsewhere in the body. They also show that these immunoreactive MHC class II cells are the cell type infected by HIV. The authors suggest that the functional activity of the dendritic cells of the choroid plexus is similar to that of antigen-presenting dendritic cells elsewhere in the body. This includes the potential to harbor HIV during the prolonged period of clinical latency, acting as a central nervous system reservoir of infection before the onset of AIDS.
AB - In a previous study of the choroid plexus from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the authors found a population of stromal cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine whether these represented antigen-presenting dendritic cells, the authors examined the phenotype of the normal human choroid plexus with light and electron microscopy and established the HIV-infected cell type with immunohistochemistry in patients with AIDS with an HIV-infected choroid plexus. Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect class II major histocompatibility antigens (MHCs), S-100 and S-lOO protein, lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophage markers, and HIV glycoprotein. A variable number of stromal cells had slightly elongated nuclei and long branching processes that were strongly immunoreactive for class II MHCs, rarely reactive for S-100 and S-100 protein, and immunonegative for monocyte/macrophage markers. Phagocytic activity was absent, as indicated by electron microscopy and immunomarkers. They were numerous in the subepithelial region, and their processes occasionally extended toward the stromal capillaries or between the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. The HIVinfected cells were intensely immunoreactive for class II MHC markers and often displayed a dendritic morphology. These results document the presence of dendritic cells in the normal human choroid plexus whose morphology and immunophenotype closely resemble those of dendritic cells elsewhere in the body. They also show that these immunoreactive MHC class II cells are the cell type infected by HIV. The authors suggest that the functional activity of the dendritic cells of the choroid plexus is similar to that of antigen-presenting dendritic cells elsewhere in the body. This includes the potential to harbor HIV during the prolonged period of clinical latency, acting as a central nervous system reservoir of infection before the onset of AIDS.
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M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33748155363
VL - 208
SP - 278
JO - Radiology
JF - Radiology
SN - 0033-8419
IS - 1
ER -
