TY - JOUR
T1 - Hepatitis C virus increases the risk of kidney disease among HIV-positive patients
T2 - Systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Fabrizi, Fabrizio
AU - Dixit, Vivek
AU - Martin, Paul
AU - Messa, Piergiorgio
PY - 2016/3/1
Y1 - 2016/3/1
N2 - Kidney disease has become an important co-morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients as they live longer in the era of highly effective antiretroviral therapy. It remains unclear how co-infection with hepatitis C virus impacts on the trajectory of kidney disease among HIV-infected patients. To evaluate the effect of co-infection with HCV on the risk of kidney disease in HIV-infected populations. We conducted a systematic review of the published medical literature to determine if hepatitis C co-infection is associated with increased likelihood of chronic kidney disease in HIV-positive adults. We used the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to generate a summary estimate of the relative risk for chronic kidney disease (defined by reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria) with hepatitis C virus across the published studies. Meta-regression and stratified analysis were also conducted. We identified 19 studies (146,151 unique patients with HIV) and separate meta-analyses were performed according to the outcome. Aggregation of longitudinal studies (n=8, 105,462 unique patients) showed a relationship between HCV infection and increased risk of reduced glomerular filtration rate among HIV-infected individuals, the summary estimate for adjusted hazard ratio was 1.64 (95%CI, 1.28; 2.0, P<0.001) in HIV-HCV co-infected individuals compared with those having HIV mono-infection. No between-studies heterogeneity was noted (P-value by Q test=0.08). HCV positive serology was an independent risk factor for proteinuria; adjusted effect estimate, 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.18; 1.28, P=0.001) (n=6 studies; 26,835 unique patients). In meta-regression, we noted the impact of ageing (P=0.0001) upon the adjusted hazard ratio of incidence of reduced glomerular filtration rate among HCV-HIV co-infected patients; a negative association between frequency of males (P=0.001) and the adjusted hazard ratio of prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate was found. Hepatitis C co-infection is associated with a significant increase in the risk of reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria among HIV-infected individuals.
AB - Kidney disease has become an important co-morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients as they live longer in the era of highly effective antiretroviral therapy. It remains unclear how co-infection with hepatitis C virus impacts on the trajectory of kidney disease among HIV-infected patients. To evaluate the effect of co-infection with HCV on the risk of kidney disease in HIV-infected populations. We conducted a systematic review of the published medical literature to determine if hepatitis C co-infection is associated with increased likelihood of chronic kidney disease in HIV-positive adults. We used the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to generate a summary estimate of the relative risk for chronic kidney disease (defined by reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria) with hepatitis C virus across the published studies. Meta-regression and stratified analysis were also conducted. We identified 19 studies (146,151 unique patients with HIV) and separate meta-analyses were performed according to the outcome. Aggregation of longitudinal studies (n=8, 105,462 unique patients) showed a relationship between HCV infection and increased risk of reduced glomerular filtration rate among HIV-infected individuals, the summary estimate for adjusted hazard ratio was 1.64 (95%CI, 1.28; 2.0, P<0.001) in HIV-HCV co-infected individuals compared with those having HIV mono-infection. No between-studies heterogeneity was noted (P-value by Q test=0.08). HCV positive serology was an independent risk factor for proteinuria; adjusted effect estimate, 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.18; 1.28, P=0.001) (n=6 studies; 26,835 unique patients). In meta-regression, we noted the impact of ageing (P=0.0001) upon the adjusted hazard ratio of incidence of reduced glomerular filtration rate among HCV-HIV co-infected patients; a negative association between frequency of males (P=0.001) and the adjusted hazard ratio of prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate was found. Hepatitis C co-infection is associated with a significant increase in the risk of reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria among HIV-infected individuals.
KW - Chronic kidney disease
KW - Glomerular filtration rate
KW - Hepatitis C virus
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus
KW - Proteinuria
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U2 - 10.1002/jmv.24353
DO - 10.1002/jmv.24353
M3 - Article
C2 - 26271205
AN - SCOPUS:84954545134
VL - 88
SP - 487
EP - 497
JO - Journal of Medical Virology
JF - Journal of Medical Virology
SN - 0146-6615
IS - 3
ER -