TY - JOUR
T1 - Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is highly activated in nuclei and mitochondria.
AU - Bijur, Gautam N.
AU - Jope, Richard S.
PY - 2003/12/19
Y1 - 2003/12/19
N2 - Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3 beta) is located predominantly in the cytosol, but also is in nuclei and mitochondria. In SH-SY5Y cells, primary cortical neurons, and mouse brain, the portion of active GSK3 beta (not phosphorylated on serine-9) was 5- to 8-fold greater in nuclei and mitochondria than in cytosol. Correspondingly greater GSK3 beta activities were measured in nuclei and mitochondria compared with cytosol. Stimulation of apoptotic signaling by treatment with camptothecin or thapsigargin activated GSK3 beta in the nucleus and mitochondria, but not the cytosol, whereas inhibition of GSK3 beta by lithium treatment affected all three pools of GSK3 beta. Thus, the nuclei and mitochondria contain disproportionately high levels of active GSK3 beta, which is selectively further activated by some apoptotic stimuli.
AB - Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3 beta) is located predominantly in the cytosol, but also is in nuclei and mitochondria. In SH-SY5Y cells, primary cortical neurons, and mouse brain, the portion of active GSK3 beta (not phosphorylated on serine-9) was 5- to 8-fold greater in nuclei and mitochondria than in cytosol. Correspondingly greater GSK3 beta activities were measured in nuclei and mitochondria compared with cytosol. Stimulation of apoptotic signaling by treatment with camptothecin or thapsigargin activated GSK3 beta in the nucleus and mitochondria, but not the cytosol, whereas inhibition of GSK3 beta by lithium treatment affected all three pools of GSK3 beta. Thus, the nuclei and mitochondria contain disproportionately high levels of active GSK3 beta, which is selectively further activated by some apoptotic stimuli.
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U2 - 10.1097/00001756-200312190-00025
DO - 10.1097/00001756-200312190-00025
M3 - Article
C2 - 14663202
AN - SCOPUS:0442290275
VL - 14
SP - 2415
EP - 2419
JO - NeuroReport
JF - NeuroReport
SN - 0959-4965
IS - 18
ER -