TY - JOUR
T1 - Gene expression throughout a vertebrate's embryogenesis
AU - Bozinovic, Goran
AU - Sit, Tim L.
AU - Hinton, David E.
AU - Oleksiak, Marjorie F.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants R01 ES011588 and P42 ES007381 to MFO and 2P42 ES010356 to MFO and DEH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Douglas L. Crawford for critical discussions and comments on the manuscript and for help printing microarrays.
PY - 2011/2/28
Y1 - 2011/2/28
N2 - Background: Describing the patterns of gene expression during embryonic development has broadened our understanding of the processes and patterns that define morphogenesis. Yet gene expression patterns have not been described throughout vertebrate embryogenesis. This study presents statistical analyses of gene expression during all 40 developmental stages in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus using four biological replicates per stage.Results: Patterns of gene expression for 7,000 genes appear to be important as they recapitulate developmental timing. Among the 45% of genes with significant expression differences between pairs of temporally adjacent stages, significant differences in gene expression vary from as few as five to more than 660. Five adjacent stages have disproportionately more significant changes in gene expression (≥ 200 genes) relative to other stages: four to eight and eight to sixteen cell stages, onset of circulation, pre and post-hatch, and during complete yolk absorption. The fewest differences among adjacent stages occur during gastrulation. Yet, at stage 16, (pre-mid-gastrulation) the largest number of genes has peak expression. This stage has an over representation of genes in oxidative respiration and protein expression (ribosomes, translational genes and proteases). Unexpectedly, among all ribosomal genes, both strong positive and negative correlations occur. Similar correlated patterns of expression occur among all significant genes.Conclusions: These data provide statistical support for the temporal dynamics of developmental gene expression during all stages of vertebrate development.
AB - Background: Describing the patterns of gene expression during embryonic development has broadened our understanding of the processes and patterns that define morphogenesis. Yet gene expression patterns have not been described throughout vertebrate embryogenesis. This study presents statistical analyses of gene expression during all 40 developmental stages in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus using four biological replicates per stage.Results: Patterns of gene expression for 7,000 genes appear to be important as they recapitulate developmental timing. Among the 45% of genes with significant expression differences between pairs of temporally adjacent stages, significant differences in gene expression vary from as few as five to more than 660. Five adjacent stages have disproportionately more significant changes in gene expression (≥ 200 genes) relative to other stages: four to eight and eight to sixteen cell stages, onset of circulation, pre and post-hatch, and during complete yolk absorption. The fewest differences among adjacent stages occur during gastrulation. Yet, at stage 16, (pre-mid-gastrulation) the largest number of genes has peak expression. This stage has an over representation of genes in oxidative respiration and protein expression (ribosomes, translational genes and proteases). Unexpectedly, among all ribosomal genes, both strong positive and negative correlations occur. Similar correlated patterns of expression occur among all significant genes.Conclusions: These data provide statistical support for the temporal dynamics of developmental gene expression during all stages of vertebrate development.
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U2 - 10.1186/1471-2164-12-132
DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-12-132
M3 - Article
C2 - 21356103
AN - SCOPUS:79952053301
VL - 12
JO - BMC Genomics
JF - BMC Genomics
SN - 1471-2164
M1 - 132
ER -