Follow-up intervals in patients with Cushing’s disease: recommendations from a panel of experienced pituitary clinicians

Purpose: Follow-up guidelines are needed to assess quality of care and to ensure best long-term outcomes for patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). The purpose of this study was to assess agreement by experts on recommended follow-up intervals for CD patients at different phases in their treatment course. Methods: The RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process was used to assess expert consensus. Eleven clinicians who regularly manage CD patients rated 79 hypothetical patient scenarios before and after (“second round”) an in-person panel discussion to clarify definitions. Scenarios described CD patients at various time points after treatment. For each scenario, panelists recommended follow-up intervals in weeks. Panel consensus was assigned as follows: “agreement” if no more than two responses were outside a 2 week window around the median response; “disagreement” if more than two responses were outside a 2 week window around the median response. Recommendations were developed based on second round results. Results: Panel agreement was 65.9% before and 88.6% after the in-person discussion. The panel recommended follow-up within 8 weeks for patients in remission on glucocorticoid replacement and within 1 year of surgery; within 4 weeks for patients with uncontrolled persistent or recurrent disease; within 8–24 weeks in post-radiotherapy patients controlled on medical therapy; and within 24 weeks in asymptomatic patients with stable plasma ACTH concentrations after bilateral adrenalectomy. Conclusions: With a high level of consensus using the Delphi process, panelists recommended regular follow-up in most patient scenarios for this chronic condition. These recommendations may be useful for assessment of CD care both in research and clinical practice.