TY - JOUR
T1 - Expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms in osteosarcomas
T2 - TGF-β3 is related to disease progression
AU - Kloen, Peter
AU - Gebhardt, Mark C.
AU - Perez-Atayde, Antonio
AU - Rosenberg, Andrew E.
AU - Springfield, Dempsey S.
AU - Gold, Leslie I.
AU - Mankin, Henry J.
PY - 1997/12/15
Y1 - 1997/12/15
N2 - BACKGROUND. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. In addition, increased expression of TGF-β has been reported in different malignancies, suggesting a role for this growth factor in tumorigenesis. METHODS. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression, prevalence, and distribution of TGF-β isoforms were evaluated in 25 high grade human osteosarcomas. The Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated correlating disease free survival with TGF-β expression. RESULTS. Expression of one or more TGF-β isoforms was found in all the osteosarcomas. Immunoreactivity for TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 generally was stronger than for TGF-β2. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells showed stronger staining than their surrounding extracellular stroma. Most notably, osteoclasts showed strong to intense staining for all three isoforms. In 11 of 25 specimens angiogenic activity was noted with staining of multiple small vessels in the tumor stroma. Expression of TGF-β3, but not of TGF-β2 or TGF-β1, related to disease progression, such that there was a statistically significant decrease in the disease free interval as the immunoreactivity for TGF-β3 increased. CONCLUSIONS. All osteosarcomas expressed TGF-β in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells as well as in their extracellular stroma. The presence of TGF-β in the endothelial and perivascular layers of small vessels in the tumor stroma suggests angiogenic activity of this growth factor. The expression of TGF-β3 was correlated strongly with disease progression (P = 0.027). These data suggest that increased expression of TGF- β isoforms, especially TGF-β3, may play a role in osteosarcoma progression.
AB - BACKGROUND. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. In addition, increased expression of TGF-β has been reported in different malignancies, suggesting a role for this growth factor in tumorigenesis. METHODS. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression, prevalence, and distribution of TGF-β isoforms were evaluated in 25 high grade human osteosarcomas. The Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated correlating disease free survival with TGF-β expression. RESULTS. Expression of one or more TGF-β isoforms was found in all the osteosarcomas. Immunoreactivity for TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 generally was stronger than for TGF-β2. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells showed stronger staining than their surrounding extracellular stroma. Most notably, osteoclasts showed strong to intense staining for all three isoforms. In 11 of 25 specimens angiogenic activity was noted with staining of multiple small vessels in the tumor stroma. Expression of TGF-β3, but not of TGF-β2 or TGF-β1, related to disease progression, such that there was a statistically significant decrease in the disease free interval as the immunoreactivity for TGF-β3 increased. CONCLUSIONS. All osteosarcomas expressed TGF-β in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells as well as in their extracellular stroma. The presence of TGF-β in the endothelial and perivascular layers of small vessels in the tumor stroma suggests angiogenic activity of this growth factor. The expression of TGF-β3 was correlated strongly with disease progression (P = 0.027). These data suggest that increased expression of TGF- β isoforms, especially TGF-β3, may play a role in osteosarcoma progression.
KW - Disease progression
KW - Immunohistochemistry
KW - Osteosarcoma
KW - Transforming growth factor-β
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U2 - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19971215)80:12<2230::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-Y
DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19971215)80:12<2230::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-Y
M3 - Article
C2 - 9404699
AN - SCOPUS:0031470962
VL - 80
SP - 2230
EP - 2239
JO - Cancer
JF - Cancer
SN - 0008-543X
IS - 12
ER -