TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring the human hair follicle microbiome
AU - Lousada, M. B.
AU - Lachnit, T.
AU - Edelkamp, J.
AU - Rouillé, T.
AU - Ajdic, Dragana
AU - Uchida, Y.
AU - Di Nardo, A.
AU - Bosch, T. C.G.
AU - Paus, R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Drs Natalia Botchkareva and Marta Bertolini for helpful suggestions and support. The writing of this review was made possible through Monasterium Laboratory, Germany, and startup funds to R.P. from the University of Miami. All images were created with Biorender.com and exported under a paid subscription. T.L. acknowledge funding by the DFG CRC 1182 (TPC4.2). T.C.G.B. gratfully appreciates support of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and the DFG CRC 1182.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 British Association of Dermatologists
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Human hair follicles (HFs) carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin surface microbiota. This likely reflects that the HF epithelium differs from the epidermal barrier in that it provides a moist, less acidic, and relatively ultraviolet light-protected environment, part of which is immune-privileged, thus facilitating microbial survival. Here we review the current understanding of the human HF microbiome and its potential physiological and pathological functions, including in folliculitis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias. While reviewing the main human HF bacteria (such as Propionibacteria, Corynebacteria, Staphylococci and Streptococci), viruses, fungi and parasites as human HF microbiome constituents, we advocate a broad view of the HF as an integral part of the human holobiont. Specifically, we explore how the human HF may manage its microbiome via the regulated production of antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin, psoriasin, RNAse7 and dermcidin) by HF keratinocytes, how the microbiome may impact on cytokine and chemokine release from the HF, and examine hair growth-modulatory effects of antibiotics, and ask whether the microbiome affects hair growth in turn. We highlight major open questions and potential novel approaches to the management of hair diseases by targeting the HF microbiome.
AB - Human hair follicles (HFs) carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin surface microbiota. This likely reflects that the HF epithelium differs from the epidermal barrier in that it provides a moist, less acidic, and relatively ultraviolet light-protected environment, part of which is immune-privileged, thus facilitating microbial survival. Here we review the current understanding of the human HF microbiome and its potential physiological and pathological functions, including in folliculitis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias. While reviewing the main human HF bacteria (such as Propionibacteria, Corynebacteria, Staphylococci and Streptococci), viruses, fungi and parasites as human HF microbiome constituents, we advocate a broad view of the HF as an integral part of the human holobiont. Specifically, we explore how the human HF may manage its microbiome via the regulated production of antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin, psoriasin, RNAse7 and dermcidin) by HF keratinocytes, how the microbiome may impact on cytokine and chemokine release from the HF, and examine hair growth-modulatory effects of antibiotics, and ask whether the microbiome affects hair growth in turn. We highlight major open questions and potential novel approaches to the management of hair diseases by targeting the HF microbiome.
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U2 - 10.1111/bjd.19461
DO - 10.1111/bjd.19461
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32762039
AN - SCOPUS:85092471181
JO - British Journal of Dermatology
JF - British Journal of Dermatology
SN - 0007-0963
ER -