Exploration of a Racially Diverse Sample of Nursing Students’ Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy, and Perceptions of Simulation Using Racially Diverse Manikins: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Background This study examined a racially diverse sample of nursing students’ participation in simulation using racially diverse manikins. Method This mixed-methods pilot study utilized pre-post self-efficacy and post satisfaction measures of 16 black and 16 white students. Following completion of the simulation experience, the students participated in single-race focus groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference (p <.001). Conclusion Results provide baseline evidence that race of both students and manikins may be a demographic characteristic variable that influences outcomes in simulation. Further research is needed to determine if race is a variable that can be added to the NLN/Jeffries simulation theory.