Abstract
Purpose of review Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that predominately affects premature neonates. The pathogenesis of NEC is multifactorial and poorly understood. Risk factors include low birth weight, formula-feeding, hypoxic/ischemic insults, and microbial dysbiosis. This review focuses on our current understanding of the diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis of NEC. Recent findings Recent findings identify specific mucosal cell types as potential therapeutic targets in NEC. Despite a broadly accepted view that bacterial colonization plays a key role in NEC, characteristics of bacterial populations associated with this disease remain elusive. The use of probiotics such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been studied in numerous trials, but there is a lack of consensus regarding specific strains and dosing. Although growth factors found in breast milk such as epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor may be useful in disease prevention, developing new therapeutic interventions in NEC critically depends on better understanding of its pathogenesis. Summary NEC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Recent data confirm that growth factors and certain bacteria may offer protection against NEC. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex pathogenesis of NEC.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 417-423 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Current Opinion in Pediatrics |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 1 2018 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- growth factors
- microbiota
- necrotizing enterocolitis
- pathogenesis
- premature
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Cite this
Evolving understanding of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. / Isani, Mubina A.; Delaplain, Patrick T.; Grishin, Anatoly; Ford, Henri.
In: Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Vol. 30, No. 3, 01.06.2018, p. 417-423.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolving understanding of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
AU - Isani, Mubina A.
AU - Delaplain, Patrick T.
AU - Grishin, Anatoly
AU - Ford, Henri
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - Purpose of review Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that predominately affects premature neonates. The pathogenesis of NEC is multifactorial and poorly understood. Risk factors include low birth weight, formula-feeding, hypoxic/ischemic insults, and microbial dysbiosis. This review focuses on our current understanding of the diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis of NEC. Recent findings Recent findings identify specific mucosal cell types as potential therapeutic targets in NEC. Despite a broadly accepted view that bacterial colonization plays a key role in NEC, characteristics of bacterial populations associated with this disease remain elusive. The use of probiotics such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been studied in numerous trials, but there is a lack of consensus regarding specific strains and dosing. Although growth factors found in breast milk such as epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor may be useful in disease prevention, developing new therapeutic interventions in NEC critically depends on better understanding of its pathogenesis. Summary NEC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Recent data confirm that growth factors and certain bacteria may offer protection against NEC. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex pathogenesis of NEC.
AB - Purpose of review Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that predominately affects premature neonates. The pathogenesis of NEC is multifactorial and poorly understood. Risk factors include low birth weight, formula-feeding, hypoxic/ischemic insults, and microbial dysbiosis. This review focuses on our current understanding of the diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis of NEC. Recent findings Recent findings identify specific mucosal cell types as potential therapeutic targets in NEC. Despite a broadly accepted view that bacterial colonization plays a key role in NEC, characteristics of bacterial populations associated with this disease remain elusive. The use of probiotics such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been studied in numerous trials, but there is a lack of consensus regarding specific strains and dosing. Although growth factors found in breast milk such as epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor may be useful in disease prevention, developing new therapeutic interventions in NEC critically depends on better understanding of its pathogenesis. Summary NEC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Recent data confirm that growth factors and certain bacteria may offer protection against NEC. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex pathogenesis of NEC.
KW - growth factors
KW - microbiota
KW - necrotizing enterocolitis
KW - pathogenesis
KW - premature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048095693&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85048095693&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000629
DO - 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000629
M3 - Review article
VL - 30
SP - 417
EP - 423
JO - Current Opinion in Pediatrics
JF - Current Opinion in Pediatrics
SN - 1040-8703
IS - 3
ER -