Abstract
Climate models simulate a weakening of the Walker circulation in response to increased greenhouse gases, but it has not been possible to detect this weakening with observations because there are not direct measurements of atmospheric circulation strength. Indirect measurements, such as equatorial gradients in sea level pressure (SLP), exhibit trends of inconsistent sign. In this study we estimate the change in midtropospheric velocity (ω500) from observed change in cloud cover, which we argue is more closely tied to the overturning circulation than indirect measurements of SLP at the surface. Our estimates suggest a weakening and eastward shift of the Walker circulation over the last century. Because changes in cloud cover in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations forced with increased sea surface temperature are remarkably similar in pattern, sign, and magnitude, we assert that the observed changes in cloud cover and the associated weakening of Walker circulation are at least in part externally forced.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 7758-7766 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Geophysical Research Letters |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 18 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 28 2015 |
Keywords
- Walker circulation
- cloud cover
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geophysics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)