Abstract
Experiments were designed to assess the potential protective effect of the presence of sulfide against the acute (48-h) toxicity of silver(I) to Daphnia magna. Tests were conducted in borosilicate glass beakers (250 ml) in moderately hard synthetic water. Toxicity solutions were replaced after 24 h by static renewal method. This paper describes the chemical system, and the acute toxicity results are presented in a companion paper. Sulfide was below detection limit (<5 nM) in controls with no sulfide added. Sulfide, added as zinc sulfide clusters at approximately 35- or approximately 350-nM concentration, dropped in concentration to approximately 25 and 250 nM, respectively, over the 24-h period of measurements. Silver also decreased in concentration during the experiment (up to 59%), and the rate of loss was greater in the absence of sulfide compared with the presence of sulfide. A filtration experiment indicated a 1:1 binding ratio of silver to sulfide and a conditional stability constant for the Ag(I)-zinc sulfide complex of log K′ = 8.9. The losses of sulfide and silver during the experiments highlighted the need for regular monitoring of the important chemical components of the system, even during short (48-h) toxicity tests.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1286-1293 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2002 |
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Keywords
- Daphnids
- Silver
- Toxicity
- Zinc sulfide clusters
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Science(all)
- Environmental Chemistry
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
- Toxicology
Cite this
Evaluation of the effect of reactive sulfide on the acute toxicity of silver (I) to Daphnia magna. Part 1 : Description of the chemical system. / Bowles, Karl C.; Bianchini, Adalto; Brauner, Colin J.; Kramer, James R.; Wood, Chris M.
In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 21, No. 6, 01.01.2002, p. 1286-1293.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the effect of reactive sulfide on the acute toxicity of silver (I) to Daphnia magna. Part 1
T2 - Description of the chemical system
AU - Bowles, Karl C.
AU - Bianchini, Adalto
AU - Brauner, Colin J.
AU - Kramer, James R.
AU - Wood, Chris M.
PY - 2002/1/1
Y1 - 2002/1/1
N2 - Experiments were designed to assess the potential protective effect of the presence of sulfide against the acute (48-h) toxicity of silver(I) to Daphnia magna. Tests were conducted in borosilicate glass beakers (250 ml) in moderately hard synthetic water. Toxicity solutions were replaced after 24 h by static renewal method. This paper describes the chemical system, and the acute toxicity results are presented in a companion paper. Sulfide was below detection limit (<5 nM) in controls with no sulfide added. Sulfide, added as zinc sulfide clusters at approximately 35- or approximately 350-nM concentration, dropped in concentration to approximately 25 and 250 nM, respectively, over the 24-h period of measurements. Silver also decreased in concentration during the experiment (up to 59%), and the rate of loss was greater in the absence of sulfide compared with the presence of sulfide. A filtration experiment indicated a 1:1 binding ratio of silver to sulfide and a conditional stability constant for the Ag(I)-zinc sulfide complex of log K′ = 8.9. The losses of sulfide and silver during the experiments highlighted the need for regular monitoring of the important chemical components of the system, even during short (48-h) toxicity tests.
AB - Experiments were designed to assess the potential protective effect of the presence of sulfide against the acute (48-h) toxicity of silver(I) to Daphnia magna. Tests were conducted in borosilicate glass beakers (250 ml) in moderately hard synthetic water. Toxicity solutions were replaced after 24 h by static renewal method. This paper describes the chemical system, and the acute toxicity results are presented in a companion paper. Sulfide was below detection limit (<5 nM) in controls with no sulfide added. Sulfide, added as zinc sulfide clusters at approximately 35- or approximately 350-nM concentration, dropped in concentration to approximately 25 and 250 nM, respectively, over the 24-h period of measurements. Silver also decreased in concentration during the experiment (up to 59%), and the rate of loss was greater in the absence of sulfide compared with the presence of sulfide. A filtration experiment indicated a 1:1 binding ratio of silver to sulfide and a conditional stability constant for the Ag(I)-zinc sulfide complex of log K′ = 8.9. The losses of sulfide and silver during the experiments highlighted the need for regular monitoring of the important chemical components of the system, even during short (48-h) toxicity tests.
KW - Daphnids
KW - Silver
KW - Toxicity
KW - Zinc sulfide clusters
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M3 - Article
VL - 21
SP - 1286
EP - 1293
JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
SN - 0730-7268
IS - 6
ER -