Evaluation of innate immune signaling pathways in transformed cells

Oncolytic viruses, the use of viruses to treat cancer, is emerging as a new option for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses, of both DNA and RNA origin, exhibit the ability to preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells plausibly due to defects in innate immune signaling or translation regulation that are acquired during cellular transformation. Here, we review concepts and assays that describe how to analyze signaling pathways that govern the regulation of Type I IFN production as well as the induction of interferon-stimulated antiviral genes, events that are critical for mounting an effective antiviral response. The following procedures can be used to assess whether innate immune pathways that control antiviral host defense are defective in tumor cells-mechanisms that may help to explain viral oncolysis.