TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of an acute silver challenge on survival, silver distribution and ionoregulation within developing rainbow trout eggs (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
AU - Guadagnolo, Christine M.
AU - Brauner, Colin J.
AU - Wood, Chris M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Industrially Oriented Research grant in conjunction with a grant from Kodak Canada Inc. We thank Joe Gorsuch, Ken Robillard, Tom Purcell and Trevor Smith for valuable suggestions and comments.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Rainbow trout eggs were acutely challenged with silver (as AgNO3) at different stages of development from fertilization through to hatch in moderately hard water (120 mg CaCO3 l-1, 0.70 mM (25 mg l-1) Cl-, 1.3 mg l-1 DOC, 12.3 ± 0.1°C) at measured total silver concentrations of 0.11 ± 0.004, 1.55 ± 0.15, and 14.15 ± 1.52 μg l-1. Four separate acute challenges were conducted, each consisting of 5 days exposure to the respective silver concentration, followed by 4 days recovery after transfer to silver-free water (series 1, 1-10 days post-fertilization; series 2, 8-17 days post-fertilization; series 3, 16-25 days post-fertilization; series 4, 23-32 days post-fertilization). Mortality was not significantly different from control during exposure to 0.11, 1.55, and 14.15 μg l-1 total silver in series 2, 3 and 4 (mortality for series 1 data could not be calculated for technical reasons). In the four days of recovery following silver exposure, however, there was significant mortality at 14.15 μg l-1 total silver reaching 100, 31 and 72% in series 2, 3 and 4, respectively, indicating eggs are more sensitive in the period of 8-17 and 23-32 days post-fertilization at this temperature. Mortality following silver exposure was associated with ionoregulatory impairment in series 3 and 4, where up to 60% of whole egg [Na+] and [Cl-] was lost relative to controls at 14.15 μg l-1 total silver. Significant but smaller reductions in egg [Na+] and/or [Cl-] were also observed at 0.11 and 1.55 μg l-1 total silver. The greatest accumulation of silver in whole eggs and chorions occurred in series 4, reaching concentrations of 0.53 μg g-1 (eggs) and 15.5 μg g-1 (chorions) in the 14.15 μg l-1 treatment. The accumulation of silver in the whole eggs and chorions of the 0.11 μg l-1 treatment was not different from controls throughout embryonic development. Of the total silver content, only a small proportion of silver was found in the embryos (1-17%), indicating that the chorion is a protective barrier during acute silver exposure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Rainbow trout eggs were acutely challenged with silver (as AgNO3) at different stages of development from fertilization through to hatch in moderately hard water (120 mg CaCO3 l-1, 0.70 mM (25 mg l-1) Cl-, 1.3 mg l-1 DOC, 12.3 ± 0.1°C) at measured total silver concentrations of 0.11 ± 0.004, 1.55 ± 0.15, and 14.15 ± 1.52 μg l-1. Four separate acute challenges were conducted, each consisting of 5 days exposure to the respective silver concentration, followed by 4 days recovery after transfer to silver-free water (series 1, 1-10 days post-fertilization; series 2, 8-17 days post-fertilization; series 3, 16-25 days post-fertilization; series 4, 23-32 days post-fertilization). Mortality was not significantly different from control during exposure to 0.11, 1.55, and 14.15 μg l-1 total silver in series 2, 3 and 4 (mortality for series 1 data could not be calculated for technical reasons). In the four days of recovery following silver exposure, however, there was significant mortality at 14.15 μg l-1 total silver reaching 100, 31 and 72% in series 2, 3 and 4, respectively, indicating eggs are more sensitive in the period of 8-17 and 23-32 days post-fertilization at this temperature. Mortality following silver exposure was associated with ionoregulatory impairment in series 3 and 4, where up to 60% of whole egg [Na+] and [Cl-] was lost relative to controls at 14.15 μg l-1 total silver. Significant but smaller reductions in egg [Na+] and/or [Cl-] were also observed at 0.11 and 1.55 μg l-1 total silver. The greatest accumulation of silver in whole eggs and chorions occurred in series 4, reaching concentrations of 0.53 μg g-1 (eggs) and 15.5 μg g-1 (chorions) in the 14.15 μg l-1 treatment. The accumulation of silver in the whole eggs and chorions of the 0.11 μg l-1 treatment was not different from controls throughout embryonic development. Of the total silver content, only a small proportion of silver was found in the embryos (1-17%), indicating that the chorion is a protective barrier during acute silver exposure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Chorion
KW - Cl
KW - Delayed mortality
KW - Ionoregulation
KW - Na
KW - Rainbow trout eggs
KW - Silver accumulation
KW - Silver toxicity
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U2 - 10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00112-0
DO - 10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00112-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 11064124
AN - SCOPUS:0033744188
VL - 51
SP - 195
EP - 211
JO - Aquatic Toxicology
JF - Aquatic Toxicology
SN - 0166-445X
IS - 2
ER -