TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of vital dyes on retinal pigmented epithelial cell viability and apoptosis
T2 - Implications for chromovitrectomy
AU - Penha, Fernando M.
AU - Pons, Marianne
AU - De Paula Fiod Costa, Elaine
AU - Rodrigues, Eduardo B.
AU - Maia, Mauricio
AU - Marin-Castanõ, Maria E.
AU - Farah, Michel Eid
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/4/18
Y1 - 2013/4/18
N2 - Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effect of vital dyes on toxicity and apoptosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Methods: ARPE-19 cells were exposed to brilliant blue (BBG), Evans Blue (EB), bromophenol blue (BroB), indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine green (IfCG), light green (LG), fast green (FG), indigo carmine (IC) and Congo red (CR). Balanced salt solution was used as the control. Five different concentrations and 2 exposure times were tested. Cell viability was determined by the MTS (1-solution methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) assay and apoptosis by Bax expression on Western blot. Results: All dyes significantly reduced cell viability after 3 min of exposure at all concentrations (p < 0.01), except for BBG that was safe at concentrations up to 0.25 mg/ml and CR up to 0.05 mg/ml, while LG was safe at all concentrations. Toxicity was higher after 30 min of exposure. Expression of Bax was upregulated after all dye exposures, except BBG; ICG had the highest Bax expression (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Overall the safest dye was BBG followed by LG, IfCG, FG, CR, IC, BroB, EB and ICG. ICG was toxic at all concentrations and exposure times tested. Moreover, BBG was the only dye that did not induce apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells.
AB - Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effect of vital dyes on toxicity and apoptosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Methods: ARPE-19 cells were exposed to brilliant blue (BBG), Evans Blue (EB), bromophenol blue (BroB), indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine green (IfCG), light green (LG), fast green (FG), indigo carmine (IC) and Congo red (CR). Balanced salt solution was used as the control. Five different concentrations and 2 exposure times were tested. Cell viability was determined by the MTS (1-solution methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) assay and apoptosis by Bax expression on Western blot. Results: All dyes significantly reduced cell viability after 3 min of exposure at all concentrations (p < 0.01), except for BBG that was safe at concentrations up to 0.25 mg/ml and CR up to 0.05 mg/ml, while LG was safe at all concentrations. Toxicity was higher after 30 min of exposure. Expression of Bax was upregulated after all dye exposures, except BBG; ICG had the highest Bax expression (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Overall the safest dye was BBG followed by LG, IfCG, FG, CR, IC, BroB, EB and ICG. ICG was toxic at all concentrations and exposure times tested. Moreover, BBG was the only dye that did not induce apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell viability
KW - Retinal pigment epithelium
KW - Vital dyes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84884393667&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84884393667&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1159/000354251
DO - 10.1159/000354251
M3 - Article
C2 - 24022718
AN - SCOPUS:84884393667
VL - 230
SP - 41
EP - 50
JO - Ophthalmologica
JF - Ophthalmologica
SN - 0030-3755
ER -