Abstract
The effect of a number of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase (GS) induction in retina from 12-day chick embryo was studied with both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A number of these compounds gave rise to GS activity comparable to that induced by treatment with cortisol, which is known to give rise to precocious induction of the enzyme in this system. Of the cyclic nucleotides examined, cAMP (0.5 - 1.2 x 10-3 M) gave essentially no increase in GS activity. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had a more significant effect on GS activity, as did 8-bromo-cAMP and cGMP at the same concentration. The activity elicited by these nucleotides was generally half that obtained by treatment with 2.8 x 10-7 M-cortisol for the same length of time. 8-Bromo-cGMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had an effect comparable to the aforementioned concentration of cortisol. Since phosphodiesterase activity is minimal in the chick retina at 12 days of development, addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (1 x 10-5 M) to this system had, as would be expected, little effect on GS activity. Of the noncyclic compounds, 8-bromoguanosine often gave rise to GS activity comparable to that obtained with cortisol. The other compounds (8-bromo-5'-GMP, guanosine, adenosine, and 5'-AMP) generally had less of an effect on GS. In general, the degree of staining in the immunohistochemical localization of GS corresponded well with the biochemical results and showed the enzyme to be present in regions consistent with the distribution of Muller cells and their processes. Thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay of the nucleotides did not show any steroid impurity in any of the compounds used in the study, even when determinations were carried out at five times the concentration of nucleotide used in the experiments.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1239-1244 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of Neurochemistry |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| State | Published - Jan 1 1981 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Cite this
Effect of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase activity in chick embryo retina : A biochemical and immunohistochemical study. / Dutt, K.; Norenberg, Michael D; Reif-Lehrer, L.
In: Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 36, No. 3, 01.01.1981, p. 1239-1244.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase activity in chick embryo retina
T2 - A biochemical and immunohistochemical study
AU - Dutt, K.
AU - Norenberg, Michael D
AU - Reif-Lehrer, L.
PY - 1981/1/1
Y1 - 1981/1/1
N2 - The effect of a number of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase (GS) induction in retina from 12-day chick embryo was studied with both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A number of these compounds gave rise to GS activity comparable to that induced by treatment with cortisol, which is known to give rise to precocious induction of the enzyme in this system. Of the cyclic nucleotides examined, cAMP (0.5 - 1.2 x 10-3 M) gave essentially no increase in GS activity. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had a more significant effect on GS activity, as did 8-bromo-cAMP and cGMP at the same concentration. The activity elicited by these nucleotides was generally half that obtained by treatment with 2.8 x 10-7 M-cortisol for the same length of time. 8-Bromo-cGMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had an effect comparable to the aforementioned concentration of cortisol. Since phosphodiesterase activity is minimal in the chick retina at 12 days of development, addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (1 x 10-5 M) to this system had, as would be expected, little effect on GS activity. Of the noncyclic compounds, 8-bromoguanosine often gave rise to GS activity comparable to that obtained with cortisol. The other compounds (8-bromo-5'-GMP, guanosine, adenosine, and 5'-AMP) generally had less of an effect on GS. In general, the degree of staining in the immunohistochemical localization of GS corresponded well with the biochemical results and showed the enzyme to be present in regions consistent with the distribution of Muller cells and their processes. Thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay of the nucleotides did not show any steroid impurity in any of the compounds used in the study, even when determinations were carried out at five times the concentration of nucleotide used in the experiments.
AB - The effect of a number of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase (GS) induction in retina from 12-day chick embryo was studied with both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A number of these compounds gave rise to GS activity comparable to that induced by treatment with cortisol, which is known to give rise to precocious induction of the enzyme in this system. Of the cyclic nucleotides examined, cAMP (0.5 - 1.2 x 10-3 M) gave essentially no increase in GS activity. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had a more significant effect on GS activity, as did 8-bromo-cAMP and cGMP at the same concentration. The activity elicited by these nucleotides was generally half that obtained by treatment with 2.8 x 10-7 M-cortisol for the same length of time. 8-Bromo-cGMP (0.8 x 10-3 M) had an effect comparable to the aforementioned concentration of cortisol. Since phosphodiesterase activity is minimal in the chick retina at 12 days of development, addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (1 x 10-5 M) to this system had, as would be expected, little effect on GS activity. Of the noncyclic compounds, 8-bromoguanosine often gave rise to GS activity comparable to that obtained with cortisol. The other compounds (8-bromo-5'-GMP, guanosine, adenosine, and 5'-AMP) generally had less of an effect on GS. In general, the degree of staining in the immunohistochemical localization of GS corresponded well with the biochemical results and showed the enzyme to be present in regions consistent with the distribution of Muller cells and their processes. Thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay of the nucleotides did not show any steroid impurity in any of the compounds used in the study, even when determinations were carried out at five times the concentration of nucleotide used in the experiments.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 6110707
AN - SCOPUS:0019503278
VL - 36
SP - 1239
EP - 1244
JO - Journal of Neurochemistry
JF - Journal of Neurochemistry
SN - 0022-3042
IS - 3
ER -