TY - JOUR
T1 - Early effects of TNF, LPS and thromboxane on pulmonary microvascular dysfunction
AU - Schulman, Carl I.
AU - Turnage, Richard H.
AU - Williams, John G.
PY - 1999/1/1
Y1 - 1999/1/1
N2 - Introduction: TNF, LPS and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are known mediators of acute lung injury characterized by increased airway pressure, decreased compliance, altered gas exchange and increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. This study examines the early (15-20 min) effects of TNF, LPS and U46619 (a TXA2 receptor agonist) on the capillary filtration coefficient, Kf, in an isolated perfused lung model, given either in the perfusate or intra-tracheally. Methods: Mechanically ventilated lungs of Wistar rats were perfused ex-vivo in Krebt-Henseleit buffer with 100 ng/ml recombinant rat TNF, 400 ug/ml LPS, or 7 × 10-8 M U46619 in the perrusate or 1.23 ug TNF, 5 mg LPS or 7 × 10-8 M U46619 intratracheally. To determine whether there were any effects mediated by circulating blood elements, the experiments were repeated with the addition of 20% heparinized aucologous whole blood to the perfusate. After equilibration and 15 minutes of treatment, Kf is calculated according to the method described by Drake and Zanaboni. Data reported as mean±sem, analyzed by ANOVA, Fisher's PLSD. Results: Kf (gm/min/mm Hg/100 gm body wt) Treatment Perfusate Intra-tracheal Blood Perfusate Control 5.7 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.6 3.2± 0.3 TNF 6.8 ± 0.7 12.2 ± 6.0 4.0 ± 0.3 LPS 12.2± 0.4*1 19.9 ± 7.0**4.6 ± 0.4 U46619 33.2 ± 3.4*36.2 ± 15.9*4.4 ± 0.6*p<0 05 vs control 1 p<0.05 vs U46619 n≥5 for all groups Conclusions: It has been a widely held belief that TNF, LPS and TXA2 play a prominent role in mediating early pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. In this model of acute lung injury, LPS or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist administered in the bloodless perfusate or intra-tracheally increased the capillary filtration coefficient, while TNF had no effect despite a supraphysiologic dose. Until now the influence of these mediators early in acute lung injury had not been defined. We have shown that LPS and TXA2 have significant effects on the capillary filtration coefficient, yet TNF docs not induce any changes in Kf within 20 minutes even in combination with circulating blood elements such as neutrophils and platelets. This observation suggests that TNF does not exert any early direct or indirect effects on pulmonary capillary permeability.
AB - Introduction: TNF, LPS and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are known mediators of acute lung injury characterized by increased airway pressure, decreased compliance, altered gas exchange and increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. This study examines the early (15-20 min) effects of TNF, LPS and U46619 (a TXA2 receptor agonist) on the capillary filtration coefficient, Kf, in an isolated perfused lung model, given either in the perfusate or intra-tracheally. Methods: Mechanically ventilated lungs of Wistar rats were perfused ex-vivo in Krebt-Henseleit buffer with 100 ng/ml recombinant rat TNF, 400 ug/ml LPS, or 7 × 10-8 M U46619 in the perrusate or 1.23 ug TNF, 5 mg LPS or 7 × 10-8 M U46619 intratracheally. To determine whether there were any effects mediated by circulating blood elements, the experiments were repeated with the addition of 20% heparinized aucologous whole blood to the perfusate. After equilibration and 15 minutes of treatment, Kf is calculated according to the method described by Drake and Zanaboni. Data reported as mean±sem, analyzed by ANOVA, Fisher's PLSD. Results: Kf (gm/min/mm Hg/100 gm body wt) Treatment Perfusate Intra-tracheal Blood Perfusate Control 5.7 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.6 3.2± 0.3 TNF 6.8 ± 0.7 12.2 ± 6.0 4.0 ± 0.3 LPS 12.2± 0.4*1 19.9 ± 7.0**4.6 ± 0.4 U46619 33.2 ± 3.4*36.2 ± 15.9*4.4 ± 0.6*p<0 05 vs control 1 p<0.05 vs U46619 n≥5 for all groups Conclusions: It has been a widely held belief that TNF, LPS and TXA2 play a prominent role in mediating early pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. In this model of acute lung injury, LPS or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist administered in the bloodless perfusate or intra-tracheally increased the capillary filtration coefficient, while TNF had no effect despite a supraphysiologic dose. Until now the influence of these mediators early in acute lung injury had not been defined. We have shown that LPS and TXA2 have significant effects on the capillary filtration coefficient, yet TNF docs not induce any changes in Kf within 20 minutes even in combination with circulating blood elements such as neutrophils and platelets. This observation suggests that TNF does not exert any early direct or indirect effects on pulmonary capillary permeability.
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U2 - 10.1097/00003246-199901001-00047
DO - 10.1097/00003246-199901001-00047
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33750813593
VL - 27
SP - A40
JO - Critical Care Medicine
JF - Critical Care Medicine
SN - 0090-3493
IS - 1 SUPPL.
ER -