Abstract
Investigations were conducted to establish the magnitude and pattern of differential expression of proteins due to generational selection of third instar Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles larvae by cadmium, copper and lead heavy metals, the three possible common urban pollutants. A susceptible strain of A. gambiae s.s. third instar larvae was separately placed under selection pressure with cadmium, copper and lead at LC30 and controls through five generations. First, third and fifth generation selection survivors were screened for differentially expressed proteins relative to non-exposed control by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Distribution patterns of the spots were analyzed by χ2 or Fishers' exact test and variations in expressions between and within generations by ANOVA. Most differentially expressed spots were acidic and of low molecular weight among all metals and generations. Type of heavy metal and generation were the main indicators of variations in differential expressions. Variation between generations was most significant among cadmium-selected populations of which the most number of spots were induced in the fifth generation. Most spots were induced in the copper-selected population in the third generation. The induced protein spots may be the products from respective genes that respond to heavy metals and counter their toxicity, thus building A. gambiae s.s. tolerance to these pollutants. The differential pattern and magnitude of expressed spots have potential application as molecular markers for assessment of anopheline adaptation status to heavy metals, and provide insight into the extent of environmental pollution.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 214-226 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | International Journal of Tropical Insect Science |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 1 2006 |
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Keywords
- Adaptation
- Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
- Differential expression
- Heavy metals
- Tolerance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Insect Science
Cite this
Differential induction of proteins in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera : Culicidae) larvae in response to heavy metal selection. / Mireji, Paul Odhiambo; Keating, Joseph; Kenya, Eucharia; Mbogo, Charles; Nyambaka, Hudson; Osir, Ellie; Githure, John; Beier, John C.
In: International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Vol. 26, No. 4, 01.12.2006, p. 214-226.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential induction of proteins in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera
T2 - Culicidae) larvae in response to heavy metal selection
AU - Mireji, Paul Odhiambo
AU - Keating, Joseph
AU - Kenya, Eucharia
AU - Mbogo, Charles
AU - Nyambaka, Hudson
AU - Osir, Ellie
AU - Githure, John
AU - Beier, John C
PY - 2006/12/1
Y1 - 2006/12/1
N2 - Investigations were conducted to establish the magnitude and pattern of differential expression of proteins due to generational selection of third instar Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles larvae by cadmium, copper and lead heavy metals, the three possible common urban pollutants. A susceptible strain of A. gambiae s.s. third instar larvae was separately placed under selection pressure with cadmium, copper and lead at LC30 and controls through five generations. First, third and fifth generation selection survivors were screened for differentially expressed proteins relative to non-exposed control by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Distribution patterns of the spots were analyzed by χ2 or Fishers' exact test and variations in expressions between and within generations by ANOVA. Most differentially expressed spots were acidic and of low molecular weight among all metals and generations. Type of heavy metal and generation were the main indicators of variations in differential expressions. Variation between generations was most significant among cadmium-selected populations of which the most number of spots were induced in the fifth generation. Most spots were induced in the copper-selected population in the third generation. The induced protein spots may be the products from respective genes that respond to heavy metals and counter their toxicity, thus building A. gambiae s.s. tolerance to these pollutants. The differential pattern and magnitude of expressed spots have potential application as molecular markers for assessment of anopheline adaptation status to heavy metals, and provide insight into the extent of environmental pollution.
AB - Investigations were conducted to establish the magnitude and pattern of differential expression of proteins due to generational selection of third instar Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles larvae by cadmium, copper and lead heavy metals, the three possible common urban pollutants. A susceptible strain of A. gambiae s.s. third instar larvae was separately placed under selection pressure with cadmium, copper and lead at LC30 and controls through five generations. First, third and fifth generation selection survivors were screened for differentially expressed proteins relative to non-exposed control by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Distribution patterns of the spots were analyzed by χ2 or Fishers' exact test and variations in expressions between and within generations by ANOVA. Most differentially expressed spots were acidic and of low molecular weight among all metals and generations. Type of heavy metal and generation were the main indicators of variations in differential expressions. Variation between generations was most significant among cadmium-selected populations of which the most number of spots were induced in the fifth generation. Most spots were induced in the copper-selected population in the third generation. The induced protein spots may be the products from respective genes that respond to heavy metals and counter their toxicity, thus building A. gambiae s.s. tolerance to these pollutants. The differential pattern and magnitude of expressed spots have potential application as molecular markers for assessment of anopheline adaptation status to heavy metals, and provide insight into the extent of environmental pollution.
KW - Adaptation
KW - Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
KW - Differential expression
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Tolerance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248205083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34248205083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S1742758406658955
DO - 10.1017/S1742758406658955
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34248205083
VL - 26
SP - 214
EP - 226
JO - International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
JF - International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
SN - 1742-7584
IS - 4
ER -