Diagnosis and endovascular treatment of common vascular complications in the post liver transplant patient: A pictorial essay

The role of interventional radiology in the management of patients after liver transplant is ever expanding. Vascular complications after liver transplant are not infrequently encountered, and they are associated with graft loss, high morbidity, and mortality and are a major indication for repeat transplantation. Most vascular complications will develop within 3 months of transplant and should be considered in any patient with an increase in liver function tests. We discuss several of the more commonly seen complications, which include hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis, as well as stenosis of the portal vein, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava, and present corresponding case examples and imaging from our own experience.